Ahmad Usama, Islam Anas, Khan Mohd Muazzam, Akhtar Juber
Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
Yale J Biol Med. 2025 Jun 30;98(2):227-235. doi: 10.59249/GVNM8843. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Aberrant DNA methylation contributes to cancer by silencing tumor suppressor genes and facilitating tumor growth. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis), including 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) and decitabine (DAC), can potentially mitigate these consequences and revive gene expression. Their therapeutic effectiveness is hindered by factors like poor bioavailability, swift degradation, and unintended toxicity. Advances in nanotechnology enable targeted DNMTi delivery, enhancing efficacy while minimizing toxicity. This mini-review explores several key types of nanoformulations for DNMTi delivery, including PLGA nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), bentonite-based nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), amphiphilic prodrugs, PEGylated nanoparticles, bionic nanoparticles, gelatinase-sensitive nanoparticles, and chitosan-based pH-responsive systems. This paper emphasizes the integration of epigenetic therapies and nanotechnology in oncology, focusing on the creation of nanocarriers for precise delivery of methylation modulators and new formulations for prolonged drug release. By addressing these advancements, the review underscores the potential of nanotechnology to revolutionize epigenetic cancer therapy, offering new hope for improved patient outcomes in precision oncology.
异常的DNA甲基化通过使肿瘤抑制基因沉默并促进肿瘤生长而导致癌症。DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂（DNMTis），包括5-氮杂胞苷（5-AZA）和地西他滨（DAC），有可能减轻这些后果并恢复基因表达。它们的治疗效果受到生物利用度差、迅速降解和意外毒性等因素的阻碍。纳米技术的进步使得DNMTi能够实现靶向递送，提高疗效同时将毒性降至最低。这篇小型综述探讨了几种用于DNMTi递送的关键纳米制剂类型，包括聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米颗粒、脂质体、固体脂质纳米颗粒（SLNs）、膨润土基纳米颗粒、金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）、两亲性前药、聚乙二醇化纳米颗粒、仿生纳米颗粒、明胶酶敏感纳米颗粒和壳聚糖基pH响应系统。本文强调了表观遗传疗法与纳米技术在肿瘤学中的整合，重点在于创建用于精确递送甲基化调节剂的纳米载体以及用于延长药物释放的新制剂。通过阐述这些进展，该综述强调了纳米技术彻底改变表观遗传癌症治疗的潜力为精准肿瘤学中改善患者预后带来新希望。
