Iyer Sathya Subramoniam
College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE.
Yale J Biol Med. 2025 Jun 30;98(2):159-170. doi: 10.59249/HSYL8000. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Bone healing and fracture repair are complex processes involving multiple phases that rely on coordination and differentiation of multiple cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and endothelial cells. The functions of growth factor and mechanical force in bone regeneration are well established, but recent research has revealed epigenetic mechanisms to play a major role in regulating cellular differentiation and tissue repair. Various studies have indicated epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and regulation by non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) are responsible for major gene expression regulation during bone regeneration. Moreover, systemic factors such as inflammation, aging, and metabolic disturbances regulate epigenetic regulation of bone cells to result in defective fracture healing. Emerging concepts in epigenetic therapy reveal new approaches to optimize bone regeneration and improve clinical results. This review focuses on the role of epigenetic regulation in the process of bone healing, highlighting its clinical implications.
骨愈合和骨折修复是复杂的过程，涉及多个阶段，这些阶段依赖于多种细胞类型（如间充质干细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、软骨细胞和内皮细胞）的协调和分化。生长因子和机械力在骨再生中的作用已得到充分证实，但最近的研究表明，表观遗传机制在调节细胞分化和组织修复中起主要作用。各种研究表明，DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA调控等表观遗传机制在骨再生过程中负责主要的基因表达调控。此外，炎症、衰老和代谢紊乱等全身因素会调节骨细胞的表观遗传调控，导致骨折愈合不良。表观遗传治疗的新观念揭示了优化骨再生和改善临床效果的新方法。本综述重点关注表观遗传调控在骨愈合过程中的作用，突出其临床意义。
