Alanazi Amer M, Shafqat Shaheryar, Niaz Muhammad Omar, Khan Azmat Ali, Pirvani Madiha, Askary Syed Hussain, Qureshi Ambrina
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Graduate Research Assistant, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
Microsc Res Tech. 2025 Jul 1. doi: 10.1002/jemt.70030.
Evaluation of the effects of various nanoparticles (NPs), titanium dioxide (TiO), cerium dioxide (CeO), and copper oxide (CuO), when incorporated into universal adhesive (UA), on the micro tensile bond strength (μTBS), degree of conversion (DC), adhesive interface, and resin tag assessment. Before incorporating nanoparticles (NPs) into UA, elemental analysis was conducted on all NP types using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The study involved 48 intact human molars, divided into four groups based on UA modification with different NPs: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (TiONPs), Group 3 (CeONPs), and Group 4 (CuONPs). Samples were restored with composite and light cured. All specimens underwent 10,000 cycles of thermocycling for aging, followed by μTBS testing and failure mode evaluation using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to assess the DC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to evaluate resin tag length and examine the adhesive interface. Statistical analysis involved one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons of μTBS, DC, and resin tag (p < 0.05). Group 3 (2% CeONPs-UA) presented the maximum resin tag length (111.21 ± 2.81 μm) and highest μTBS (15.47 ± 0.88 MPa). However, the lowest bond integrity score (12.64 ± 0.5 MPa) and (76.29 ± 1.69 μm) was presented by Group 1 (0% NPs-UA) (12.64 ± 0.5 MPa) samples. Group 3 (2% CeONPs-UA) (68.54 ± 6.77) adhesive showed DC comparable to 2% CuONPs-UA (67.58 ± 9.65) and UA-unmodified (74.33 ± 8.59) (p > 0.05). The UA enhanced with CeONPs and CuONPs can be viewed as a viable option, given its improved μTBS and resin tag length as observed through SEM. Furthermore, the modification of UA using CeONPs and CuONPs exhibits a DC comparable to that of the unmodified adhesive control.
评估将各种纳米颗粒（NP），即二氧化钛（TiO）、二氧化铈（CeO）和氧化铜（CuO），加入通用粘合剂（UA）后，对微拉伸粘结强度（μTBS）、转化率（DC）、粘结界面和树脂突评估的影响。在将纳米颗粒（NP）加入UA之前，使用能量色散光谱（EDS）对所有NP类型进行了元素分析。该研究涉及48颗完整的人类磨牙，根据用不同NP对UA进行的改性分为四组：第1组（对照组）、第2组（TiO纳米颗粒组）、第3组（CeO纳米颗粒组）和第4组（CuO纳米颗粒组）。用复合材料修复样品并进行光固化。所有标本都经历了10000次热循环老化，然后使用万能试验机和体视显微镜进行μTBS测试和失效模式评估。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）评估DC。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）评估树脂突长度并检查粘结界面。统计分析采用单因素方差分析（ANOVA），并用Tukey事后检验对μTBS、DC和树脂突进行多重比较（p < 0.05）。第3组（2% CeO纳米颗粒-UA）呈现出最大的树脂突长度（111.21±2.81μm）和最高的μTBS（15.47±0.88MPa）。然而，第1组（0% NP-UA）的样品呈现出最低的粘结完整性评分（12.64±0.5MPa）和（76.29±1.69μm）。第3组（2% CeO纳米颗粒-UA）（68.54±6.77）的粘合剂显示出与2% CuO纳米颗粒-UA（67.58±9.65）和未改性UA（74.33±8.59）相当的DC（p > 0.05）。考虑到通过SEM观察到的μTBS和树脂突长度的改善，用CeO纳米颗粒和CuO纳米颗粒增强的UA可被视为一种可行的选择。此外，用CeO纳米颗粒和CuO纳米颗粒对UA进行改性后，其DC与未改性的粘合剂对照组相当。
