Mousavi Seyyed Mohammadreza, Valtr Ludvík, Maruo Kazuki, Mafakher Leila, Laurin Raphaël, Abdollahipour Reza, Iwatsuki Takehiro
Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, 771 11, Czech Republic.
Cogn Process. 2025 Jul 1. doi: 10.1007/s10339-025-01287-4.
The concept of gender stereotype is a well-established area of research in sports and social psychology. It has been suggested that the effect of negative gender stereotypes on motor performance may not be the same in two different cultures with varying levels of stereotype beliefs, however, no research explored this suggestion. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of negative gender stereotypes on motor performance. Two experiments, Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) conducted in Iran, a country with relatively strong stereotypical beliefs, and Experiment 2 (Exp. 2) conducted in the Czech Republic, a country with relatively less pronounced stereotypical beliefs, involved participants engaging in dart-throwing. In both experiments, motor performance and cognitive anxiety were assessed, while gaze behavior was additionally measured in Exp. 2 to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the impact of gender stereotypes on motor performance. The results of Exp. 1 showed that Iranian women in the stereotype condition exhibited lower dart-throwing performance and higher levels of cognitive anxiety, as compared with the neutral condition. Conversely, Exp. 2 demonstrated that among Czech women, there were no significant differences in dart-throwing performance, cognitive anxiety, or gaze behavior between the conditions. These findings were discussed within the cognitive and socio-cultural framework.
性别刻板印象的概念是体育与社会心理学领域中一个已确立的研究方向。有观点认为，在两种具有不同刻板印象信念程度的不同文化中，负面性别刻板印象对运动表现的影响可能不尽相同，然而，尚无研究探讨这一观点。主要目的是调查负面性别刻板印象对运动表现的影响。两项实验，实验1（实验1）在伊朗进行，该国具有相对强烈的刻板印象信念；实验2（实验2）在捷克共和国进行，该国的刻板印象信念相对不那么明显，实验均让参与者进行飞镖投掷。在两项实验中，均评估了运动表现和认知焦虑，而在实验2中还额外测量了注视行为，以探究性别刻板印象对运动表现影响的潜在机制。实验1的结果表明，与中性条件相比，处于刻板印象条件下的伊朗女性飞镖投掷表现更低，认知焦虑水平更高。相反，实验2表明，捷克女性在不同条件下的飞镖投掷表现、认知焦虑或注视行为均无显著差异。这些发现是在认知和社会文化框架内进行讨论的。
