Sigmundsson Hermundur, Ólafsson Bergsveinn, Steger Michael F, Grassini Simone
Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
Claremont Graduate University, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2025 Aug;258:105177. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105177. Epub 2025 Jun 30.
This paper examines personal motivational factors: passion, grit, mindset and self-efficacy. The paper did also measure holistic well-being factors as: meaning in life, psychological well-being, and positive and negative affect in a population from Iceland. The sample consisted of 479 participants, including 336 females and 143 males, with an average age of 32.22 years (SD = 13.46).
General passion was measured using the Passion for Achievement scale, while grit was assessed using the Grit-S scale. Mindset was evaluated using the Theories of Intelligence Scale (TIS), and general self-efficacy was measured with the 10-item scale.
HOLISTIC WELL-BEING FACTORS: Psychological well-being (PWB) was assessed using the Flourishing Scale, and meaning in life (MiL) was measured with three items from the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Positive and negative affect were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).
The results revealed significant gender differences in two of eight variables: passion (males 4.02 vs. females 3.76) and self-efficacy (males 3.24 vs. females 3.14) favored males.
The highest correlations were observed between meaning in life and psychological well-being (r = 0.66), psychological well-being and positive affect (r = 0.58), and self-efficacy and positive affect (r = 0.54). Mindset showed the lowest correlations with other factors. The findings in the paper highlight interesting gender differences, with males scoring higher in passion, and self-efficacy. Additionally, the results suggest significant interactions between personal motivational factors (such as passion, self-efficacy, and mindset) and holistic well-being factors (such as meaning in life, psychological well-being, and positive affect).
本文研究个人动机因素：热情、毅力、思维模式和自我效能感。本文还对冰岛人群的整体幸福感因素进行了测量，包括生活意义、心理健康以及积极和消极情绪。样本由479名参与者组成，其中包括336名女性和143名男性，平均年龄为32.22岁（标准差=13.46）。
使用成就热情量表测量总体热情，使用毅力量表（Grit-S）评估毅力。使用智力理论量表（TIS）评估思维模式，使用10项量表测量总体自我效能感。
使用蓬勃发展量表评估心理健康（PWB），使用生活意义问卷（MLQ）中的三个项目测量生活意义（MiL）。使用积极和消极情绪量表（PANAS）评估积极和消极情绪。
结果显示，在八个变量中的两个变量上存在显著性别差异：热情（男性4.02，女性3.76）和自我效能感（男性3.24，女性3.14），男性得分更高。
生活意义与心理健康之间的相关性最高（r = 0.66），心理健康与积极情绪之间的相关性为（r = 0.58），自我效能感与积极情绪之间的相关性为（r = 0.54）。思维模式与其他因素的相关性最低。本文的研究结果突出了有趣的性别差异，男性在热情和自我效能感方面得分更高。此外，结果表明个人动机因素（如热情、自我效能感和思维模式）与整体幸福感因素（如生活意义、心理健康和积极情绪）之间存在显著的相互作用。
