Identification and characterization of nine genes subfamily in .

GRAS proteins represent a unique class of transcription factors that are exclusive to plants. Among the various subfamilies within the GRAS family, the phytochrome A signal transduction 1 (PAT1) subfamily is particularly prominent, given its multifaceted regulatory functions in phytochrome signaling pathways and stress response mechanisms, as well as its involvement in plant developmental processes. Despite the recognized importance of proteins, there are no studies to date that have characterized the gene family in . In this study, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of genes and identified nine genes belonging to the subfamily in . Multiple sequence alignment of these proteins revealed the presence of a conserved C-terminal GRAS domain, alongside a highly variable N-terminal region. Additionally, we observed that members of the subfamily were expressed in roots, stems, and leaves, indicating their broad involvement in the development of various tissues in . Furthermore, functional analysis indicated that PAT1 subfamily proteins in activated the expression of gene, indicating that PAT1 subfamily proteins may be associated with the promotion of cell proliferation and graft fusion. In conclusion, this study provided the first comprehensive characterization of subfamily genes in , establishing a foundation for future research on the functional roles of genes and providing a theoretical basis for the development of high-quality varieties.