Tripathy Barsha, Tripathy P, Jyothsna J, Sahu G S, Dash S K, Badu Meenakshi, Mahapatra Subrat Kumar, Rout Gyana Ranjan
Department of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha "O" Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23032. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03121-5.
Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is an important warm-season vegetable with immense antioxidant potential. The present study aims to identify superior high-yielding plants with round fruits and tolerance to bacterial wilt through heterosis breeding. This study evaluated 52 brinjal genotypes, including 48 local landraces collected from eastern India, emphasizing the state of Odisha and four released varieties. The selection process focused on variations in both quantitative and qualitative traits and examined genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for yield and yield-contributing traits. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') had an overall mean value of 0.733, with significant variations observed in fruit length-to-breadth ratio, leaf blade color, fruit shape, and petiole color. The estimated h BS for each tested attribute varied from 64.90 to 98.17%, showing that all traits were highly heritable. Based on multivariate analysis, nine parents with different genetic backgrounds were selected among 52 genotypes of diverse origins for breeding study. To ascertain the degree of heterosis, dominance reaction, combining ability and gene action for 12 quantitative features crossed in a diallel fashion without reciprocals to develop 36 F hybrids. Average fruit weight (79.46%) had the highest degree of significant heterobeltiosis in the desired directions, followed by fruit yield per plant (71.61%), plant spread (58.07%), primary branches per plant (56.25%), and days to 1st flowering (-32.72%). No dominance to over-dominance effects was involved in the inheritance of fruit yield and yield-attributing traits. Four landraces (Selection from BBSR-192-1, BBSR-192-1, BBSR-08-2, and BBSR-195-3) were identified as promising general combiners for fruit yield and yield-attributing traits. Overall, based on per se performance, heterotic response as well as estimates of combining ability, the four important crosses namely, BBSR-08-2 X BBSR-192-1, Jammusahi Local X BBSR-192-1, BBSR-195-3 X BBSR-192-1and BBSR-10-26 X BBSR-192-1 were highly tolerance to bacterial wilt as well as yield and suitable for commercial exploitation as F hybrid in Solanum melongena for eastern part of India.
茄子（Solanum melongena L.）是一种重要的暖季蔬菜，具有巨大的抗氧化潜力。本研究旨在通过杂种优势育种，鉴定出果实圆形且对青枯病具有耐受性的高产优良植株。本研究评估了52个茄子基因型，其中包括从印度东部收集的48个地方品种，重点是奥里萨邦的品种以及4个已发布的品种。选择过程侧重于数量和质量性状的变异，并研究了产量及产量构成性状的遗传变异性、遗传力和遗传进展。香农 - 维纳多样性指数（H'）的总体平均值为0.733，在果长与宽比、叶片颜色、果实形状和叶柄颜色方面观察到显著差异。每个测试属性的估计广义遗传力（h BS）在64.90%至98.17%之间变化，表明所有性状都具有高度遗传性。基于多变量分析，从52个不同来源的基因型中选择了9个具有不同遗传背景的亲本用于育种研究。为了确定杂种优势程度、显性反应、配合力和基因作用，以双列杂交方式对12个数量性状进行杂交（不进行正反交），以培育36个F1杂种。平均果实重量（79.46%）在期望方向上具有最高程度的显著超亲优势，其次是单株果实产量（71.61%）、株幅（58.07%）、单株一级分枝数（56.25%）和始花天数（-32.72%）。果实产量和产量构成性状的遗传不涉及显性到超显性效应。四个地方品种（从BBSR - 192 - 1、BBSR - 192 - 1、BBSR - 08 - 2和BBSR - 195 - 3中选出）被鉴定为果实产量和产量构成性状的有前景的一般配合力品种。总体而言，基于自身表现、杂种优势反应以及配合力估计，四个重要杂交组合，即BBSR - 08 - 2×BBSR - 192 - 1、Jammusahi Local×BBSR - 192 - 1、BBSR - 195 - 3×BBSR - 192 - 1和BBSR - 10 - 26×BBSR - 192 - 1对青枯病具有高度耐受性，且产量高，适合作为印度东部茄子的F1杂种进行商业开发。
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