Iqbal Muhammad Abdaal Bin, Raza Muhammad Zubair, Sadaf Maasoomah, Akram Ghazala, Yousaf Muhammad, Emadifar Homan, Mohammed Wael W, Ahmed Karim K
Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21944. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08795-5.
This research explores the (2+1)-D nonlinear electrical transmission line equation (NLETLE), highlighting its unique localized wave solutions and the interactions that arise from them. Through the application of a novel multivariate generalized exponential differential function technique and generalized logistic equation approach, we have successfully generated a diverse array of new structures, particularly characterized by bright soliton, bright-singular soliton, kink soliton, and periodic waveforms. These solutions play a crucial role in demonstrating the complex structure and varied dynamics that are characteristic of nonlinear systems in higher dimensions. To achieve a comprehensive understanding, we depict these solutions using 3D surface density plots and line graphs. Additionally, we analyze the dynamic behavior of the system through bifurcation analysis, which is graphically represented by phase portraits. Subsequently, we incorporate periodic functions into the dynamical system to investigate the nonlinear properties of the dynamical system, in order to uncover its chaotic behavior, utilizing concepts derived from the theory of chaos. The observation and confirmation of chaotic behavior are achieved by employing a range of chaos detection tools. In addition, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to determine how minor modifications in the system affect its overall behavior, which in turn provides greater insight into its robustness and ability to respond to perturbations. By varying the initial conditions, we analyze multistability, which highlights the system's ability to display multiple stable states influenced by choosing suitable parametric values. The results acquired from this research are new and significant for the continued exploration of the (2+1)-D NLETLE, offering direction for future scholars.
本研究探讨了(2 + 1)维非线性电传输线方程(NLETLE),突出了其独特的局域波解以及由此产生的相互作用。通过应用一种新颖的多元广义指数微分函数技术和广义逻辑方程方法,我们成功地生成了一系列多样的新结构,特别是以亮孤子、亮奇异孤子、扭结孤子和周期波形为特征。这些解在展示高维非线性系统特有的复杂结构和多样动力学方面起着关键作用。为了实现全面理解,我们使用三维表面密度图和线图来描绘这些解。此外,我们通过分岔分析来分析系统的动态行为,分岔分析以相图的形式直观呈现。随后,我们将周期函数纳入动力系统,以研究动力系统的非线性特性,从而利用混沌理论中的概念揭示其混沌行为。通过使用一系列混沌检测工具实现对混沌行为的观测和确认。此外,我们进行敏感性分析,以确定系统中的微小变化如何影响其整体行为,这反过来又能更深入地了解其鲁棒性和对扰动的响应能力。通过改变初始条件,我们分析多稳定性,这突出了系统在选择合适参数值影响下显示多个稳定状态的能力。本研究获得的结果对于(2 + 1)维NLETLE的持续探索来说是新的且具有重要意义,为未来的学者提供了方向。