Zhang Yanqing, Wang Tingyu, Cui Chao, Xu Guizhi
School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Power Distribution Equipment and System, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):20757. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08598-8.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate neurons in the brain and has been widely applied in the field of clinical neuromodulation. However, traditional TMS has limitations in terms of focality and stimulation depth, making it unable to achieve precise modulation of deep brain regions. As the stimulation depth increases, the focal area expands, potentially stimulating nontarget regions and causing negative side effects. Moreover, strongly induced electric fields can lead to adverse effects such as seizures. Temporal interference transcranial magnetic stimulation (TI-TMS) is a novel noninvasive neuromodulation technique that has considerable potential for reducing the focal area and increasing the stimulation depth. To study the mechanisms and effects of TI-TMS, this research first established a TI-TMS simulation platform based on a five-layer spherical model. This paper designed a double curved-elliptical coil structure, increasing the stimulation depth of the TI-TMS to 5.02 cm while reducing the focal area to 18.61 cm. Finally, a TI-TMS system was developed, with a focus on the design and development of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) driving circuit and the coil capacitor resonance part. The current amplitude and frequency in the coils were measured to validate the system's effectiveness. This study confirmed that TI-TMS can effectively stimulate deep brain regions and provide new insights for the application of TMS in the rehabilitation of neurological diseases.
经颅磁刺激（TMS）是一种非侵入性程序，利用磁场刺激大脑中的神经元，已在临床神经调节领域得到广泛应用。然而，传统的TMS在聚焦性和刺激深度方面存在局限性，使其无法实现对深部脑区的精确调节。随着刺激深度的增加，聚焦区域会扩大，可能会刺激非目标区域并产生负面副作用。此外，强感应电场会导致癫痫发作等不良反应。时间干扰经颅磁刺激（TI-TMS）是一种新型非侵入性神经调节技术，在减小聚焦区域和增加刺激深度方面具有相当大的潜力。为了研究TI-TMS的机制和效果，本研究首先基于五层球形模型建立了TI-TMS仿真平台。本文设计了一种双曲椭圆线圈结构，将TI-TMS的刺激深度增加到5.02厘米，同时将聚焦区域减小到18.61平方厘米。最后，开发了一种TI-TMS系统，重点是绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）驱动电路和线圈电容谐振部分的设计与开发。测量了线圈中的电流幅度和频率，以验证系统的有效性。本研究证实，TI-TMS可以有效刺激深部脑区，并为TMS在神经疾病康复中的应用提供新的见解。
