Rafighirani Yousef, Heidarzadeh Hamid, Javidan Javad
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):21634. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05806-3.
This study presents the design and development of an advanced graphene-based biosensor for the precise detection of blood antigens using three novel structural configurations. The sensor integrates graphene with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) technology to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity in complex biological environments. The proposed structures consist of graphene layers, a silicon dioxide dielectric layer, and a gold base layer, further enhanced with gold nanoparticles. Simulation results indicate that the sensor achieves an absorption rate exceeding 98% in the terahertz regime, with the highest sensitivity reaching 10,514.1 GHz/RIU for the first structure, while the second and third structures exhibit sensitivities of 5,461.7 GHz/RIU and 2,390 GHz/RIU, respectively. The sensor reliably detects concentrations of hemoglobin (C_Hb) antigen ranging from 20 to 260 ng/mL with high precision. A key advantage is its polarization independence, ensuring stable performance regardless of the incident wave's polarization angle. Additionally, the sensor maintains high angular stability, operating effectively across incident angles from 0° to 60°. This graphene-based platform holds significant promise for the early detection of blood disorders, including anemia, thalassemia, and certain cancers. With its high diagnostic accuracy, real-time monitoring capabilities, and cost-effectiveness, it presents a viable alternative to traditional diagnostic techniques, advancing personalized medicine and point-of-care applications. To validate the proposed design method, RLC Equivalent circuit modeling is used, and there is a good agreement.
本研究展示了一种先进的基于石墨烯的生物传感器的设计与开发，该传感器采用三种新颖的结构配置来精确检测血液抗原。该传感器将石墨烯与局域表面等离子体共振（LSPR）技术相结合，以在复杂的生物环境中实现高灵敏度和高选择性。所提出的结构由石墨烯层、二氧化硅介电层和金基层组成，并通过金纳米颗粒进一步增强。模拟结果表明，该传感器在太赫兹频段的吸收率超过98%，第一种结构的最高灵敏度达到10514.1 GHz/RIU，而第二种和第三种结构的灵敏度分别为5461.7 GHz/RIU和2390 GHz/RIU。该传感器能够高精度地可靠检测浓度范围为20至260 ng/mL的血红蛋白（C_Hb）抗原。一个关键优势是其偏振无关性，无论入射波的偏振角度如何，都能确保稳定的性能。此外，该传感器保持高角度稳定性，在0°至60°的入射角范围内均能有效工作。这种基于石墨烯的平台在早期检测血液疾病（包括贫血、地中海贫血和某些癌症）方面具有巨大潜力。凭借其高诊断准确性、实时监测能力和成本效益，它为传统诊断技术提供了一种可行的替代方案，推动了个性化医疗和即时检测应用的发展。为了验证所提出的设计方法，使用了RLC等效电路建模，结果吻合良好。
