Ahmed Mohamed T, Alrumman Sulaiman A, Kumar Pankaj, Eid Ebrahem M
Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, 61321, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
School of Environmental Studies, Maa Shakumbhari University, Punwarka, 247120, Saharanpur, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 1;15(1):20660. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97598-9.
In this study, an attempt was made to assess the effect of sewage sludge amendment (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/kg of soil) on dill plants (Anethum graveolens L.) cultivation using pot-scale experiments. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions for 59 days and the effect of sewage sludge on soil properties as well as dill growth, productivity, and nine heavy metals (HMs) accumulation were studied. The results showed that out of the tested treatments, 10 g/kg sewage sludge application gave the best results in terms of maximum plant height (21.84 cm), number of leaves per plant (5.80), shoot biomass (0.23 g DM/plant), root biomass (0.09 g DM/plant), total biomass (0.31 g DM/plant), and absolute growth rate (0.006 g DM/day). Additionally, increased sewage sludge amendment significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced HM accumulation in dill roots and shoots, with the highest treatment rate (30 g/kg) consistently yielding the most pronounced effects across multiple HMs. Sewage sludge amendments reduced bioaccumulation factors (BAF) and translocation factors (TF) for Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn in dill plants, indicating lower metal uptake and translocation to shoots with increased sludge treatment, while correlation analysis revealed that soil properties like organic matter and pH strongly influenced heavy metal bioavailability and accumulation. Overall, the present study provides insights into optimizing sewage sludge amendments for sustainable agriculture while mitigating the risks of HM contamination in dill crops.
在本研究中，通过盆栽试验尝试评估污水污泥改良剂（0、10、20和30克/千克土壤）对莳萝植株（莳萝）种植的影响。试验在温室条件下进行59天，研究了污水污泥对土壤性质以及莳萝生长、产量和9种重金属（HM）积累的影响。结果表明，在所测试的处理中，施用10克/千克污水污泥在最大株高（21.84厘米）、单株叶片数（5.80）、地上部生物量（0.23克干物质/株）、根部生物量（0.09克干物质/株）、总生物量（0.31克干物质/株）和绝对生长速率（0.006克干物质/天）方面产生了最佳效果。此外，增加污水污泥改良剂显著（p < 0.05）提高了莳萝根和地上部的重金属积累，最高处理率（30克/千克）在多种重金属中始终产生最显著的效果。污水污泥改良剂降低了莳萝植株中镉、铁、锰、镍和锌的生物累积系数（BAF）和转运系数（TF），表明随着污泥处理量增加，金属吸收和向地上部的转运减少，而相关分析表明，土壤性质如有机质和pH值强烈影响重金属的生物有效性和积累。总体而言，本研究为优化污水污泥改良剂以实现可持续农业提供了见解，同时降低了莳萝作物中重金属污染的风险。
