Kováčik Jozef, Husáková Lenka, Vydra Marek, Piroutková Martina, Patočka Jan
Department of Biology, University of Trnava, Priemyselná 4, 918 43 Trnava, Slovak Republic.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573 HB/D, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
J Environ Sci (China). 2025 Nov;157:478-488. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2025.01.031. Epub 2025 Jan 31.
Dill (Anethum graveolens), an annual species, was used to study the impact of metallic pollution potentially spreading from the nickel smelter dump in Dolná Streda (Slovakia) by monitoring 55 elements. Despite the proximity of this dump (1 km), only soil Ni (54.8 mg/kg) or Pb (47.3 mg/kg), but not Cr, Mn, Fe or Co (main elements of the dump's sludge) was elevated in given garden soil compared to two control sites. Mainly flowers and/or leaves contained significantly higher amounts of Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, As, Sb, Sn, V, W, and some rare earth elements at the site close to the dump. Correlation between elements in organs and soil was significant mainly in stem or root but the bioaccumulation factor was typically low (<0.02) for most elements. A positive finding was that the 2022/2024 comparison revealed a decline in most elements in dill leaves, even at the dump site, which may reflect a decrease in the content of air PM particles. Soluble phenols were less accumulated in plants close to the nickel smelter dump, but flavonols showed the opposite trend, and free amino acids were positively correlated with many elements in the stem and root. An evaluation of commercial dill samples revealed variability (e.g., up to 0.7 mg Cd/kg dry weight) but subsequent NCA and PCA analyses clearly separated the dump locality from other samples. However, significant differences in the content of Cd, Ni, Pb, As, and other elements encourage precise control of commercially available dill dry matter.
莳萝（Anethum graveolens）是一种一年生植物，通过监测55种元素，用于研究斯洛伐克多尔纳斯特雷达镍冶炼厂废渣场可能扩散的金属污染影响。尽管废渣场距离较近（1公里），但与两个对照地点相比，特定花园土壤中仅土壤镍（54.8毫克/千克）或铅（47.3毫克/千克）含量升高，而铬、锰、铁或钴（废渣场污泥的主要元素）含量并未升高。在靠近废渣场的地点，主要是花朵和/或叶片中镍、铬、铅、铜、砷、锑、锡、钒、钨以及一些稀土元素的含量显著更高。器官和土壤中元素之间的相关性主要在茎或根中显著，但大多数元素的生物累积系数通常较低（<0.02）。一个积极的发现是，2022年至2024年的比较显示，即使在废渣场，莳萝叶片中大多数元素的含量也有所下降，这可能反映了空气中颗粒物含量的减少。可溶性酚类在靠近镍冶炼厂废渣场的植物中积累较少，但黄酮醇呈现相反趋势，游离氨基酸与茎和根中的许多元素呈正相关。对市售莳萝样品的评估显示存在变异性（例如，干重中镉含量高达0.7毫克/千克），但随后的NCA和PCA分析清楚地将废渣场所在地的样品与其他样品区分开来。然而，镉、镍、铅、砷和其他元素含量的显著差异促使对市售莳萝干物质进行精确控制。
