小麦（普通小麦）耐盐和耐旱性状的数量性状基因座定位
Quantitative trait locus mapping for salt and drought tolerance traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
作者信息
Liu Xiaotong, Sun Tao, Zhou Zihan, Tong Yahui, Zhou Zixin, Cao Haotian, Qu Jiale, Li Ze, Yang Qiwei, Xu Mingyang, Zhang Bin, Wang Ningze, Wu Yongzhen, Sun Han, Zhao Chunhua, Qin Ran, Cui Fa
机构信息
Yantai Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding for High Yield, Stress Resistance and Efficient Cultivation in Universities of Shandong, College of Horticulture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
出版信息
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):787. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06774-6.
BACKGROUND
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is susceptible to abiotic factors during its growth period, such as salt and drought. The germination stage is the initial growth stage of wheat growth, when wheat is particularly sensitive to salt and drought stress.
RESULTS
In this study, the genetic basis of salt and drought tolerance in wheat was explored using a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population consisting of 188 lines derived from a cross between the cultivars Kenong9204 (KN9204) and Jing411 (J411). The KJ-RIL lines and their parents were evaluated under 100 mM NaCl salt stress and 10% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) induced drought stress. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the four principal components was 87.16% and 85.62% under salt and drought stress, respectively. A total of 16 salt-tolerant and five drought-tolerant lines were selected using the membership function and 52 putative additive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 251 epistatic QTLs (eQTLs) for eight traits were detected in the KJ-RILs. Among the 251 eQTLs, 19, 32, 67, 21, 27, 29, 32, and 24 pairwise eQTLs were observed for sheath length, seedling length, maximum root length, root number, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and root dry weight, respectively. The 52 putative additive QTLs were found in all of the 21 wheat chromosomes except 1A, 2D, and 4A. The QTLs accounted for 3.92-13.26% of the phenotypic variation with logarithm of the odds values ranging from 2.52-6.91. A total of seven stable QTLs were detected: qShl-1D, qShl-3B, qSl-4D, qMrl-1D, qRn-2A.3, qRn-4B, and qRdw-7D, and three major QTLs were detected: qShl-4B, qRn-3B, and qRfw-7D. Among them, qShl-3B was a stable major QTL that explained 10.96%-12.02% of the variation rate and the most favorable allele came from KN9204. In addition, an InDel marker closely linked to qShl-3B was developed and validated in 188 RILs.
CONCLUSION
Different putative additive QTLs and epistatic QTLs (eQTLs) located on most of the 21 wheat chromosomes were detected for the studied traits. Of which, a total of seven stable QTLs and three major QTLs were detected. In addition, an InDel marker closely linked to the stable major QTL, qShl-3B was developed and validated in 188 RILs, providing important information for the genetic improvement and development of salt and drought tolerance wheat varieties.
背景
小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）在其生长期间易受非生物因素影响，如盐和干旱。萌发阶段是小麦生长的初始阶段，此时小麦对盐和干旱胁迫尤为敏感。
结果
在本研究中，利用由188个株系组成的重组自交系（RILs）群体探究了小麦耐盐和耐旱的遗传基础，该群体源自品种科农9204（KN9204）和京411（J411）的杂交。对KJ-RIL株系及其亲本在100 mM NaCl盐胁迫和10%聚乙二醇6000（PEG-6000）诱导的干旱胁迫下进行了评价。主成分分析（PCA）表明，在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下，四个主成分的累积贡献率分别为87.16%和85.62%。利用隶属函数选择了16个耐盐株系和5个耐旱株系，并在KJ-RILs中检测到8个性状的52个假定加性数量性状位点（QTLs）和251个上位性QTLs（eQTLs）。在251个eQTLs中，分别观察到19、32、67、21、27、29、32和24对与叶鞘长度、幼苗长度、最大根长、根数、幼苗鲜重、根鲜重、幼苗干重和根干重相关的成对eQTLs。52个假定加性QTLs分布在除1A、2D和4A之外的所有21条小麦染色体上。这些QTLs解释了3.92%-13.26%的表型变异，其对数似然值范围为2.52-6.91。共检测到7个稳定QTLs：qShl-1D、qShl-3B、qSl-4D、qMrl-1D、qRn-2A.3、qRn-4B和qRdw-7D，以及3个主效QTLs：qShl-4B、qRn-3B和qRfw-7D。其中，qShl-3B是一个稳定的主效QTL，解释了10.96%-12.02%的变异率，最有利的等位基因来自KN9204。此外，开发了一个与qShl-3B紧密连锁的InDel标记，并在188个RILs中进行了验证。
结论
针对所研究的性状，在21条小麦染色体中的大部分上检测到了不同的假定加性QTLs和上位性QTLs（eQTLs）。其中，共检测到7个稳定QTLs和3个主效QTLs。此外，开发了一个与稳定主效QTL qShl-3B紧密连锁的InDel标记，并在188个RILs中进行了验证，为耐盐耐旱小麦品种的遗传改良和培育提供了重要信息。
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