Yadollahifar Somayeh, Aminizadeh Mohsen, Nasiriani Khadijeh, Tafti Abbas Ali Dehghani, Sefidkar Reyhane, Mirzaei Samaneh
Department of Health in Disaster and Emergencies, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Medical Emergencies, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
BMC Emerg Med. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s12873-025-01258-0.
Despite the low probability of radiological and nuclear (RN) incidents, they can have severe consequences and require immediate response. Therefore, preparedness for them is important. In this regard, prehospital emergencies are important in reducing injuries and deaths from these accidents.
This study aimed to identify the factors affecting prehospital emergency preparedness in RN incidents.
The study was conducted using a scoping review methodology. The research protocol followed the 2020 PRISMA-P checklist for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols. A search was conducted from 1970 to 2024 across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Persian databases such as SID and Magiran using "Medical Emergency Services," "EMS," "Preparedness," "nuclear," and "radiological" as keywords. Of the 9,330 articles, 39 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
The study identified three main categories, 18 subcategories, and 125 codes for prehospital emergency preparedness in RN incidents. These include medical and non-medical care at the scene (triage, treatment surveillance, monitoring, decontamination, Psychosocial Support, and safety & Security), scene management aspects (command system & management, information & data management, documentation, communication, coordination, cooperation & collaboration, risk Assessment, evacuation, and surge capacity), resources and education (staff, equipment & stuff, finances, and training & exercises).
The preparedness of the prehospital system in RN incidents is important in various aspects and includes various components addressed in this study. Paying attention to them can play a significant role in reducing the health effects of the mentioned accidents. These components include planning, resource provision, training and practice, and internal and external organizational coordination.
尽管放射和核（RN）事故发生的可能性较低，但它们可能会产生严重后果，需要立即做出响应。因此，为此做好准备很重要。在这方面，院前急救对于减少这些事故造成的伤亡至关重要。
本研究旨在确定影响RN事故院前应急准备的因素。
本研究采用范围综述方法进行。研究方案遵循2020年PRISMA-P系统评价和Meta分析方案清单。使用“医疗急救服务”“急救医疗服务”“应急准备”“核”和“放射”作为关键词，在1970年至2024年期间对PubMed、Scopus、科学网、ProQuest、谷歌学术以及波斯数据库如SID和Magiran进行了检索。在9330篇文章中，根据纳入和排除标准选择了39篇。
该研究确定了RN事故院前应急准备的三个主要类别、18个子类别和125个编码。这些包括现场的医疗和非医疗护理（分诊、治疗监测、监测、去污、心理社会支持以及安全与安保）、现场管理方面（指挥系统与管理、信息与数据管理、文件记录、通信、协调、合作与协作、风险评估、疏散以及应急能力）、资源和教育（人员、设备与物资、资金以及培训与演练）。
RN事故中院前系统的应急准备在各个方面都很重要，包括本研究中涉及的各个组成部分。关注这些方面可在减轻上述事故对健康的影响方面发挥重要作用。这些组成部分包括规划、资源供应、培训与实践以及内部和外部组织协调。
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