Mohammed Abdullah, Ibrahim Nasir, Ahmed Musa
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Gadarif, Gadarif, Sudan.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 13318, Saudi Arabia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):883. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11265-y.
Human toxoplasmosis is a widespread zoonotic infection with significant public health implications, particularly in Sudan, where the disease burden is high. However, the overall prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the country remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis in Sudan and identify associated risk factors.
A comprehensive search was conducted in English and Arabic databases for studies published before February 28, 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. The meta-analysis included 60 studies with 10,866 participants from different regions of Sudan.
The pooled seroprevalence of human toxoplasmosis was 36% (95% CI: 31-41%), with significant heterogeneity (I = 97.29%, P < 0.0001). Hemodialysis patients exhibited the highest prevalence (56%), followed by women of childbearing age (48%) and HIV patients (42%). Geographically, northern Sudan had the highest prevalence (46%), while western Sudan had the lowest (17%). The latex agglutination test (LAT) was the most frequently used diagnostic method (56.7% of cases). Temporal analysis suggested that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis has slightly declined in recent years, likely due to improved hygiene, sanitation, and increased use of antiparasitic treatments.
Toxoplasmosis remains highly endemic in Sudan, with certain groups-including males, hemodialysis patients, women of childbearing age, HIV patients, and workers exposed to animals-at heightened risk. Targeted public health interventions are necessary to reduce the disease burden among high-risk populations.
人类弓形虫病是一种广泛传播的人畜共患病感染，对公共卫生具有重大影响，在疾病负担较高的苏丹尤其如此。然而，该国弓形虫感染的总体流行率仍不清楚。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在估计苏丹人类弓形虫病的合并血清阳性率，并确定相关危险因素。
按照PRISMA指南，在英文和阿拉伯语数据库中对2025年2月28日前发表的研究进行全面检索。荟萃分析纳入了来自苏丹不同地区的60项研究，共10866名参与者。
人类弓形虫病的合并血清阳性率为36%（95%CI：31-41%），存在显著异质性（I=97.29%，P<0.0001）。血液透析患者的患病率最高（56%），其次是育龄妇女（48%）和艾滋病毒患者（42%）。从地理区域来看，苏丹北部的患病率最高（46%），而苏丹西部的患病率最低（17%）。乳胶凝集试验（LAT）是最常用的诊断方法（占病例的56.7%）。时间分析表明，近年来弓形虫病的患病率略有下降，这可能是由于卫生、环境卫生的改善以及抗寄生虫治疗使用的增加。
弓形虫病在苏丹仍然高度流行，某些群体——包括男性、血液透析患者、育龄妇女、艾滋病毒患者以及接触动物的工人——面临更高的风险。有必要采取针对性的公共卫生干预措施，以减轻高危人群的疾病负担。
