Soriano Vicente, Ramos José Manuel, Faraco Manuel, Gallego Lucía, López-Ibor María Inés, Chiclana-Actis Carlos, González-Fraile Eduardo, Mestre-Bach Gemma, Pinargote Héctor, Corpas Manuel, Corral Octavio, Blasco-Fontecilla Hilario
UNIR Health Sciences School & Medical Center, C/ Zurbano 73, Madrid, 28010, Spain.
Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
J Eat Disord. 2025 Jul 1;13(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s40337-025-01322-x.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a leading mental disorder among adolescents and is associated with impaired physical health and disruption of psychosocial functioning. Knowing the major determinants and trends of AN in youth are critical for earlier diagnosis and prompt interventions.
We retrospectively examined all hospitalizations in Spain with AN among children and adolescents aged 11 to 18 years, using data from the National Registry of Hospital Discharges spanning 2000 to 2021. We adhered to the RECORD guidelines for reporting observational routinely collected health data. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v25.0.
Over the 22-year study period, there were 2,015,589 hospitalizations among adolescents in Spain, with 118,609 (5.9%) cases involving mental disorders. There were 15,338 admissions with AN, representing 12.9% of all hospitalizations with mental disorders in youth. Admissions with AN were 5.2-fold more frequent than with bulimia nervosa. Admissions with AN significantly declined from 20.7% in 2000 to 5.2% in 2021. Median age at hospitalizations with AN was 15 years-old. Girls represented 90%. The median length of hospital stay was 14 days. The in-hospital mortality rate was 0.15%, being significantly more frequent in boys than girls. Other mental disorders were present in 15% of AN admissions. After the first year of COVID-19, admissions of adolescents with AN sharply increased by 89%.
AN is an important cause of hospitalization in adolescents with mental disorders in Spain. Girls represent 90% of AN admissions. Whereas the rate of AN hospitalizations declined since year 2000, a surge of admissions in adolescents with AN occurred after the first year of COVID-19. Median age has remained fairly stable around 15-years-old over two decades. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a leading mental disorder among adolescents. We examined all hospitalizations in adolescents with AN in Spain since year 2000 using a nationwide public database. There were over two million admissions in adolescents during the study period, of which 6% involved mental disorders. AN represented 13% of such cases. Median age at hospitalizations with AN was 15 years-old. Girls represented 90%. Admissions with AN significantly declined over time. However, a sharp increase was noticed after the COVID-19 pandemic. This information may guide educational policies and improve preventive strategies at schools and earlier therapeutic interventions.
神经性厌食症（AN）是青少年中主要的精神障碍，与身体健康受损和心理社会功能紊乱有关。了解青少年AN的主要决定因素和趋势对于早期诊断和及时干预至关重要。
我们回顾性研究了西班牙2000年至2021年全国医院出院登记数据中11至18岁儿童和青少年因AN的所有住院病例。我们遵循了报告常规收集的观察性健康数据的RECORD指南。所有统计分析均使用SPSS v25.0进行。
在22年的研究期间，西班牙青少年住院2015589例，其中118609例（5.9%）涉及精神障碍。因AN入院15338例，占青少年所有精神障碍住院病例的12.9%。因AN入院的频率是神经性贪食症的5.2倍。因AN入院率从2000年的20.7%显著下降至2021年的5.2%。AN住院的中位年龄为15岁。女孩占90%。中位住院时间为14天。住院死亡率为0.15%，男孩显著高于女孩。15%的AN入院病例伴有其他精神障碍。在新冠疫情的第一年之后，青少年AN入院病例急剧增加了89%。
在西班牙，AN是青少年精神障碍住院的重要原因。女孩占AN入院病例的90%。尽管自2000年以来AN住院率有所下降，但在新冠疫情的第一年之后，青少年AN入院病例激增。二十年来，中位年龄一直稳定在15岁左右。神经性厌食症（AN）是青少年中主要的精神障碍。我们使用全国性公共数据库研究了自200年来西班牙青少年AN的所有住院病例。研究期间青少年住院超过200万例，其中6%涉及精神障碍。AN占此类病例的13%。AN住院的中位年龄为15岁。女孩占90%。因AN入院率随时间显著下降。然而，在新冠疫情之后发现急剧增加。这些信息可能指导教育政策，改善学校的预防策略和早期治疗干预。
