Alsunbul Maha, El-Masry Thanaa A, El-Bouseary Maisra M, El Zahaby Enas I, El-Sheekh Mostafa M, Gaballa Mohamed M S, Wahsh Eman, Badawy Heba Kamel, Alamoudi Jawaher Abdullah, ALQahtani Reem, Alenazi Naifa, El-Nagar Maysa M F
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sinai University-Arish Branch, Arish, 45511, Egypt.
BMC Biotechnol. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12896-025-00998-y.
Bioactive compounds with a wide range of chemical compositions and biological functions are found in the Chlorophyceae family. The present work investigated the anticancer effect of ethanolic extract from Chara vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and its selenium nanoformulation (CvSeNPs) against solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC).
Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used to analyze C. vulgaris, and many analytical methods were used to characterize the biosynthesized CvSeNPs, including zeta potential, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), SEM, TEM, and FTIR. In addition, mice with SEC were randomly assigned to seven equal groups (n = 6) to investigate possible mechanisms behind the antitumor activity. Group 1: Tumor control, group 2: Tamoxifen (10 mg/kg), group 3: Free SeNPs, group 4: C. vulgaris (25 mg/kg), group 5: C. vulgaris (50 mg/kg), group 6: 25 mg/kg CvSeNPs, group 7: 50 mg/kg CvSeNPs.
Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of the ethanolic extract of C. vulgaris revealed the presence of several bioactive chemicals that may promote anticancer activity. Protein levels of TNF-α, NF-кB, VEGF, and Bcl-2 were suppressed in the CvSeNPs group (50 mg/kg), whereas those of caspase-3, BAX, P53, P62, LC3, and Beclin1 were increased. Additionally, CvSeNPs significantly exceeded similar dosages of free extract in terms of caspase-3, BAX, Bcl-2, P53, TNF-α, NF-кB, VEGF, P62, LC3, and Beclin1 gene expression.
The CvSeNPs mediated their positive anticancer impact, which manifested as a decrease in tumor volume and an improvement in overall survival rate, by promoting autophagy, apoptosis, and lowering inflammation.
绿藻科中发现了具有广泛化学成分和生物学功能的生物活性化合物。本研究调查了普通轮藻（C. vulgaris）乙醇提取物及其硒纳米制剂（CvSeNPs）对实体艾氏癌（SEC）的抗癌作用。
采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用技术分析普通轮藻，并使用多种分析方法对生物合成的CvSeNPs进行表征，包括zeta电位、粒径、多分散指数（PDI）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）。此外，将患有SEC的小鼠随机分为七个相等的组（n = 6），以研究抗肿瘤活性背后的可能机制。第1组：肿瘤对照组，第2组：他莫昔芬（10 mg/kg），第3组：游离硒纳米颗粒，第4组：普通轮藻（25 mg/kg），第5组：普通轮藻（50 mg/kg），第6组：25 mg/kg CvSeNPs，第7组：50 mg/kg CvSeNPs。
普通轮藻乙醇提取物的气相色谱 - 质谱联用分析显示存在几种可能促进抗癌活性的生物活性化学物质。在CvSeNPs组（50 mg/kg）中，TNF-α、NF-кB、VEGF和Bcl-2的蛋白质水平受到抑制，而caspase-3、BAX、P53、P62、LC3和Beclin1的蛋白质水平则升高。此外，在caspase-3、BAX、Bcl-2、P53、TNF-α、NF-кB、VEGF、P62、LC3和Beclin1基因表达方面，CvSeNPs显著超过了游离提取物的相似剂量。
CvSeNPs通过促进自噬、凋亡和减轻炎症介导了其积极的抗癌作用，表现为肿瘤体积减小和总体生存率提高。
