Asheghi Bahar, Asadi Khatereh, Gholami Ahmad, Enteghad Maryam, Sadeghi Seyedeh Saba, Firouzi Negin
Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Ghasrodasht St, Mehr Ave, Shiraz, 71956-15878, Iran.
Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):965. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06185-x.
Nanomaterials and regeneration-inducing microenvironments are key components of innovative regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). This study aimed to assess the odontogenic potential of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating growth factor (GM-CSF) loaded chitosan nanogels (CNgs) on dental pulp stem cell (DPSCs) culture. GM-CSF/CNgs were prepared through the ionic gelation method and then characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential devices. Acridine orange (AO) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were used to evaluate cellular morphology and viability. The odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation was determined by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physicochemical characterization confirmed that the GM-CSF/CNgs were prepared. The loading efficiency was 82.9 ± 2. Significant biocompatibility and no apparent nuclear fragmentation upon exposure to GM-CSF/CNgs and CNgs were observed. Quantifying the expression of dental pulp regeneration associated with genes including osteocalcin gene (OCN), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) between GM-CSF/CNgs and control groups was significant (p < 0.001). Morphology of DPSCs in contact with GM-CSF/CsNgs demonstrated odontogenic differentiation. GM-CSF/CNgs promoted a bioinspired drug delivery system (DDS) and induced dental pulp regeneration of DPSCs.
纳米材料和诱导再生的微环境是创新性牙髓再生治疗（RET）的关键组成部分。本研究旨在评估负载粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激生长因子（GM-CSF）的壳聚糖纳米凝胶（CNgs）对牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）培养的成牙潜能。通过离子凝胶法制备GM-CSF/CNgs，然后用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、紫外可见分光光度法、动态光散射（DLS）和zeta电位仪对其进行表征。使用吖啶橙（AO）和4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）评估细胞形态和活力。通过定量实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）确定成牙和成骨分化。物理化学表征证实已制备出GM-CSF/CNgs。负载效率为82.9±2。观察到GM-CSF/CNgs和CNgs具有显著的生物相容性，且暴露后无明显的核碎裂。GM-CSF/CNgs组与对照组之间定量分析牙髓再生相关基因包括骨钙素基因（OCN）、牙本质涎磷蛋白（DSPP）和牙本质基质蛋白1（DMP1）的表达具有显著性差异（p＜0.001）。与GM-CSF/CsNgs接触的DPSCs形态显示有成牙分化。GM-CSF/CNgs促进了一种仿生药物递送系统（DDS）并诱导了DPSCs的牙髓再生。
