Thant Aye Aye, Ruangpornvisuti Vithaya, Sangvanich Polkit, Banlunara Wijit, Limcharoen Benchaphorn, Thunyakitpisal Pasutha
Dental Biomaterials Science Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jan 15;225:286-297. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.015. Epub 2022 Nov 8.
Dental pulp regeneration exploits tissue engineering concepts using stem cells/scaffolds/growth-factors. Extracted collagen is commonly used as a biomaterial-scaffold due to its biocompatibility/biodegradability and mimics the natural extracellular matrix. Adding biomolecules into a collagen-scaffold enhanced pulp regeneration. Acemannan, β-(1-4)-acetylated-polymannose, is a polysaccharide extracted from aloe vera. Acemannan is a regenerative biomaterial. Therefore, acemannan could be a biomolecule in a collagen-scaffold. Here, acemannan and native collagen were obtained and characterized. The AceCol-scaffold's physical properties were investigated using FTIR, SEM, contact angle, swelling, pore size, porosity, compressive modulus, and degradation assays. The AceCol-scaffold's biocompatibility, growth factor secretion, osteogenic protein expression, and calcification were evaluated in vitro. The AceCol-scaffolds demonstrated higher hydrophilicity, swelling, porosity, and larger pore size than the collagen scaffolds (p < 0.05). Better cell-cell and cell-scaffold adhesion, and dentin extracellular matrix protein (BSP/OPN/DSPP) expression were observed in the AceCol-scaffold, however, DSPP expression was not detected in the collagen group. Significantly increased cellular proliferation, VEGF and BMP2 expression, and mineralization were detected in the AceCol-scaffold compared with the collagen-scaffold (p < 0.05). Computer simulation revealed that acemannan's 3D structure changes to bind with collagen. In conclusion, the AceCol-scaffold synergistically provides better physical and biological properties than collagen. The AceCol-scaffold is a promising material for tissue regeneration.
牙髓再生利用干细胞/支架/生长因子等组织工程概念。由于其生物相容性/生物可降解性以及对天然细胞外基质的模拟性，提取的胶原蛋白通常用作生物材料支架。向胶原蛋白支架中添加生物分子可增强牙髓再生。乙酰甘露聚糖，即β-(1-4)-乙酰化多聚甘露糖，是从芦荟中提取的一种多糖。乙酰甘露聚糖是一种再生生物材料。因此，乙酰甘露聚糖可以作为胶原蛋白支架中的生物分子。在此，获取并表征了乙酰甘露聚糖和天然胶原蛋白。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、接触角、溶胀、孔径、孔隙率、压缩模量和降解试验研究了AceCol支架的物理性质。在体外评估了AceCol支架的生物相容性、生长因子分泌、成骨蛋白表达和钙化情况。与胶原蛋白支架相比，AceCol支架表现出更高的亲水性、溶胀性、孔隙率和更大的孔径（p < 0.05）。在AceCol支架中观察到了更好的细胞-细胞和细胞-支架黏附以及牙本质细胞外基质蛋白（骨涎蛋白/BSP、骨桥蛋白/OPN、牙本质涎磷蛋白/DSPP）表达，然而，在胶原蛋白组中未检测到DSPP表达。与胶原蛋白支架相比，在AceCol支架中检测到细胞增殖、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP2）表达以及矿化显著增加（p < 0.05）。计算机模拟显示乙酰甘露聚糖的三维结构发生变化以与胶原蛋白结合。总之，AceCol支架协同提供了比胶原蛋白更好的物理和生物学特性。AceCol支架是一种有前途的组织再生材料。
