一项基于社区的教育干预对姑息治疗知识的影响：一项前后测研究。
Impact of a community-based educational intervention on the knowledge of palliative care: a pretest-posttest study.
作者信息
Vélez-López Antonia, Rabanales-Sotos Joseba Aingerun, Barroso-Corroto Esperanza, López-González Ángel, Laredo-Aguilera José Alberto, Carmona-Torres Juan Manuel
机构信息
Primary Healthcare Local Office in Isso. Castilla-La Mancha Health Department, Albacete, Spain.
Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, Albacete, 02071, Spain.
出版信息
BMC Nurs. 2025 Jul 1;24(1):749. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03342-z.
INTRODUCTION
In Spain, there are between 300,000 and 370,000 people with palliative care needs. The current challenge is to combat inequities in access to palliative care resources in rural areas through training, greater provision of material and human resources, and the involvement of health system managers. Emphasizing the role of the community nurse as the main exponent of care together with the role of community interventions.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effectiveness of a community-based educational intervention on caregiving skills for informal caregivers in rural areas.
METHODS
A quasi-experimental study was carried out with a pretest-posttest design and a control group, based on an educational community intervention developed in a rural area of southeastern Spain. The participants were selected by convenience; they were informal caregivers of persons with palliative needs. A total of 80 subjects were included (40 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group). The Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS), abbreviated as the Zarit scale, quality-of-life scale (EuroQol-5D), and Goldberg Anxiety Scale were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess the differences in scale scores. The EQUATOR checklist "Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Desings" (TREND) was used.
RESULTS
The educational intervention significantly improved palliative care knowledge (p = 0.007), reduced anxiety/depression (p = 0.035), and increased self-perceived health (p = 0.018) in the experimental group. In addition, caregiver overload decreased, whereas these variables worsened overall in the control group.
CONCLUSION
Educational intervention for caregiver knowledge of palliative care improved the health and well-being of the study participants, decreasing the anxiety and depression associated with a marked deterioration in the quality of life of both the caregiver and the patient.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
The implementation of workshops such as this one to improve the community health of people with palliative care needs.
CLINICAL TRIAL
Not applicable.
引言
在西班牙，有30万至37万人有姑息治疗需求。当前的挑战是通过培训、增加物质和人力资源供应以及卫生系统管理人员的参与，消除农村地区在获得姑息治疗资源方面的不平等现象。强调社区护士作为护理主要代表的作用以及社区干预的作用。
目的
确定基于社区的教育干预对农村地区非正式护理人员护理技能的有效性。
方法
在西班牙东南部农村地区开展了一项基于教育社区干预的类实验研究，采用前测-后测设计并设置对照组。参与者通过便利抽样选取；他们是有姑息治疗需求者的非正式护理人员。共纳入80名受试者（实验组40名，对照组40名）。使用姑息治疗知识量表（PaCKS，简称为扎里特量表）、生活质量量表（欧洲五维健康量表）和戈德堡焦虑量表来评估干预效果。采用重复测量方差分析评估量表得分差异。使用了EQUATOR清单“非随机设计评估的透明报告”（TREND）。
结果
教育干预显著提高了实验组的姑息治疗知识（p = 0.007），降低了焦虑/抑郁水平（p = 0.035），并提高了自我感知健康水平（p = 0.018）。此外，护理人员负担减轻，而对照组这些变量总体上恶化。
结论
针对护理人员的姑息治疗知识进行教育干预改善了研究参与者的健康和幸福感，减少了与护理人员和患者生活质量显著下降相关的焦虑和抑郁。
对护理的启示
开展此类工作坊以改善有姑息治疗需求者的社区健康状况。
临床试验
不适用。
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