Peltier MacKenzie R, Verplaetse Terril L, Bici Vera, Mokwuah Abbie A, Chavez C Leonard Jimenez, Zakiniaeiz Yasmin, Kohler Robert, Garcia-Rivas Vernon, Banini Bubu A, Zhou Hang, Raval Nakul R, Pittman Brian, McKee Sherry A
Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 40 Temple Street Suite: 5B, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Mental Health Service, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
Biol Sex Differ. 2025 Jul 1;16(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s13293-025-00731-6.
There is no safe amount or time of alcohol consumption during pregnancy; however, many women drink while pregnant placing themselves and their fetuses at risk for alcohol-related health complications. Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) impact alcohol use during pregnancy. Understanding the impact of SDoH across pregnancy will elucidate important information to reduce rates of prenatal alcohol exposure.
Cross-sectional data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health from 2009 to 2019 was used to explore the impact of SDoH on alcohol use across pregnancy. The study assesses past month alcohol use and past month binge drinking, as well as various SDoH. The sample included 8,638 pregnant women.
Over 9% of pregnant women reported alcohol use within the past 30 days and 5.25% reported drinking on three or more days within the past month. 3.65% reported past month binge drinking. Past month alcohol use and past month binge drinking decreased in the second and third trimesters; however, a subset of women continued alcohol use, including binge drinking. Specific SDoH emerged as increasing the likelihood of alcohol use within the past month, including not being married (ORs = 1.54 to 1.94), criminal justice involvement (arrested and booked; OR = 1.88), and past year psychiatric distress (OR = 1.86). Conversely, other determinants were associated with a lower likelihood of alcohol use, including identifying as Asian or Hispanic (ORs = 0.41 and 0.64) and unemployment (OR = 0.52) and other employment (OR = 0.66). Older age was associated with a lower likelihood of binge drinking within the past month (ORs = 0.32). Unique SDoH emerged when examining alcohol use by trimester.
Specific SDoH (i.e., not married, criminal justice involvement, past year psychiatric distress) are related to increased alcohol use during pregnancy, while other determinants (i.e., identifying as Asian or Hispanic, not requiring full time/part-time employment) are associated with a decreased risk for past month alcohol use. Older individuals (35-49 years old) and those with a high school education had a decreased likelihood of binge drinking. Accordingly, healthcare providers should screen all pregnant women for alcohol use throughout pregnancy, especially among populations or groups identified as being vulnerable to continue alcohol use during pregnancy.
孕期没有安全的酒精摄入量或饮酒时长；然而，许多女性在孕期饮酒，使自己和胎儿面临与酒精相关的健康并发症风险。健康的社会决定因素（SDoH）会影响孕期饮酒行为。了解SDoH在整个孕期的影响将为降低产前酒精暴露率提供重要信息。
使用2009年至2019年全国药物使用和健康调查的横断面数据，探讨SDoH对整个孕期饮酒行为的影响。该研究评估过去一个月的饮酒情况和过去一个月的暴饮情况，以及各种SDoH。样本包括8638名孕妇。
超过9%的孕妇报告在过去30天内饮酒，5.25%的孕妇报告在过去一个月内饮酒三天或以上。3.65%的孕妇报告过去一个月有暴饮行为。过去一个月的饮酒情况和过去一个月的暴饮行为在孕中期和孕晚期有所减少；然而，一部分女性仍继续饮酒，包括暴饮。特定的SDoH因素显示会增加过去一个月内饮酒的可能性，包括未婚（比值比=1.54至1.94）、涉及刑事司法（被捕并登记；比值比=1.88）以及过去一年有精神困扰（比值比=1.86）。相反，其他决定因素与饮酒可能性较低相关，包括自认为是亚洲人或西班牙裔（比值比=0.41和0.64）、失业（比值比=0.52）以及其他就业情况（比值比=0.66）。年龄较大与过去一个月内暴饮可能性较低相关（比值比=0.32）。在按孕期检查饮酒情况时出现了独特的SDoH因素。
特定的SDoH因素（即未婚、涉及刑事司法、过去一年有精神困扰）与孕期饮酒增加有关，而其他决定因素（即自认为是亚洲人或西班牙裔、不需要全职/兼职工作）与过去一个月饮酒风险降低相关。年龄较大的个体（35 - 49岁）和高中文化程度的人暴饮的可能性较低。因此，医疗保健提供者应在整个孕期对所有孕妇进行酒精使用筛查，特别是在那些被确定为孕期易继续饮酒的人群或群体中。
