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在负载有WNT3A的微孔支架上培养的唾液腺干细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡通过YWHAZ-PI3K-AKT途径促进辐射损伤的唾液腺功能的恢复。

Extracellular vesicles derived from salivary gland stem cells cultured on microwell scaffolds loaded with WNT3A promote the recovery of salivary gland function damaged by radiation via the YWHAZ-PI3K-AKT pathway.

作者信息

Cho Jae-Min, Ahn Sujeong, Yoon Yeo-Jun, Park Sunyoung, Lee Hyeon Song, Hwang Seungyeon, Jeong Ye Jin, Hong Yongpyo, Seo Sunyoung, Kim Dohyun, Jung Hyo-Il, Koh Won-Gun, Lim Jae-Yol

机构信息

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

出版信息

Bioact Mater. 2025 Jun 17;52:492-510. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.06.024. eCollection 2025 Oct.

Abstract

Salivary gland (SG) stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising agents for regenerative therapy, but efficient production and targeted delivery remain key challenges. We developed a WNT3A-releasing double-layered microwell scaffold by integrating WNT3A-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanofibers with a polycaprolactone (PCL)-based microwell array. This 3D platform promotes salivary gland epithelial stem cell (sgEpSC) spheroid formation and sustained biochemical stimulation. EVs derived from four culture conditions (2D dish, 3D Microwell, 3D PLGA-Microwell, and 3D WNT-Microwell) were analyzed for yield, purity, and therapeutic efficacy. The WNT-Microwell system enabled stable spheroid formation and sustained WNT3A release over 7 days. sgEpSCs cultured on this platform produced significantly higher EV yields than other conditions. In a murine model of radiation-induced SG damage, retroductal injection of EVs from 3D spheroids cultured in WNT3A-releasing microwells (3D-EVs) reduced apoptosis, preserved acinar structures, and restored saliva secretion more effectively than other groups. In irradiated human SG organoids, 3D-EVs increased organoid size, mucin production, and suppressed cleaved caspase-3. Proteomic analysis identified YWHAZ (14-3-3ζ/δ) as a key regenerative cargo. Functional assays showed that EV-mediated delivery of YWHAZ activated PI3K-AKT signaling, enhanced SG progenitor proliferation, and mitigated radiation-induced damage. WNT-Microwell scaffolds enhance the yield and regenerative efficacy of SG-derived EVs. YWHAZ-enriched EVs promote SG repair via PI3K-AKT activation, offering a promising strategy for scalable, cell-free regenerative therapy in SG dysfunction.

摘要

唾液腺(SG)干细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡(EVs)是再生治疗中很有前景的药物,但高效生产和靶向递送仍然是关键挑战。我们通过将负载WNT3A的聚(D,L-丙交酯-共-乙交酯)(PLGA)纳米纤维与基于聚己内酯(PCL)的微孔阵列相结合,开发了一种释放WNT3A的双层微孔支架。这个三维平台促进唾液腺上皮干细胞(sgEpSC)球体形成和持续的生化刺激。分析了来自四种培养条件(二维培养皿、三维微孔、三维PLGA-微孔和三维WNT-微孔)的EVs的产量、纯度和治疗效果。WNT-微孔系统能够稳定形成球体,并在7天内持续释放WNT3A。在这个平台上培养的sgEpSCs产生的EV产量明显高于其他条件。在辐射诱导的SG损伤小鼠模型中,逆行注射来自在释放WNT3A的微孔中培养的三维球体(3D-EVs)的EVs比其他组更有效地减少了细胞凋亡,保留了腺泡结构,并恢复了唾液分泌。在受辐射的人类SG类器官中,3D-EVs增加了类器官大小、粘蛋白产生,并抑制了裂解的半胱天冬酶-3。蛋白质组学分析确定YWHAZ(14-3-3ζ/δ)是一种关键的再生货物。功能测定表明,EV介导的YWHAZ递送激活了PI3K-AKT信号通路,增强了SG祖细胞增殖,并减轻了辐射诱导的损伤。WNT-微孔支架提高了SG衍生的EVs的产量和再生效果。富含YWHAZ的EVs通过激活PI3K-AKT促进SG修复,为SG功能障碍的可扩展、无细胞再生治疗提供了一种有前景的策略。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d2ce/12212126/c171e179849f/ga1.jpg

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