Prevalence of Biofilm and Efflux Pump Genes Expression by PCR and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in .

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections. P. aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterium that is postulated to be the result of its plasmid-borne and intrinsic resistance to a number of pharmaceutical agents. This study examined the potential for biofilm formation, the distribution of the pslD, pelF, and algD genes, and the expression of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump genes. Furthermore, the study examined the pattern of antibiotic resistance in multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from a range of clinical samples. A total of 76 strains of P. aeruginosa were obtained for this investigation from a range of clinical specimens. The susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics was evaluated using the disk agar diffusion method. In conclusion, the term "multi-drug resistance" (MDR) is used to describe a specific pattern of resistance. The isolates were evaluated for the presence of three pivotal biofilm genes and their antimicrobial resistance patterns against ten standard antibiotic disks. The data were analyzed using version 25 of the SPSS statistical software. The examination of the isolates revealed that the most antibiotic sensitivity was associated with polymyxin, piperacillin, and ciprofloxacin. Additionally, the prevalence of biofilm-producing genes, specifically pslD, pelF, and algD, was determined to be 68.4%, 80.3%, and 69.7%, respectively. The prevalence of MexAB-OprM efflux genes in the examined isolates was 89.5% for the mexA gene, 90.8% for the mexB gene, and 90.8% for the oprM gene. The majority of the isolates in this investigation exhibited the presence of efflux pump genes, as evidenced by the findings. Furthermore, a robust correlation was identified between a select number of efflux genes and biofilm formation or the antibiotics tetracycline, meropenem, amikacin, and polymyxin B.