Parayil Trisha, Monroe Janet, Bean David J, Sagar Manish
Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025 Jun 18;12(7):ofaf326. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaf326. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Diverse respiratory viruses, such as the common cold coronaviruses (ccCoVs), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza virus (IV), circulated before the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesized that ccCoV, but not RSV or IV, test positivity changed after widespread SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination because of shared features among the coronaviruses (CoVs).
We collected all ccCOVs, RSV, and IV detected at Boston Medical Center from October 2015 to April 2024. We compared virus positivity in the 5 respiratory seasons before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in March 2020 with the 2 seasons after the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant surge ended around April 2022. We used multivariate linear regression, generalized estimating equations, and multivariate logistic regression analysis to compare total weekly virus detected and test positivity frequency.
Test positivity for ccCoVs, but not RSV or IV, was significantly lower after widespread SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination compared with the seasons before the first documented SARS-CoV-2 case. There was ∼60% lower odds of a ccCoV, but no change in RSV odds, in the seasons after extensive established SARS-CoV-2 immunity from infection and COVID-19 vaccination.
Our results suggest that ccCoV, but not RSV and IV, positivity has decreased significantly in recent respiratory seasons. There are multiple potential mechanisms for the observed ccCoVs decrease, such as cross-reactive immune response among the different but highly related CoVs, along with changing behavioral and health care practices.
在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的病原体严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）出现之前，多种呼吸道病毒，如普通感冒冠状病毒（ccCoVs）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和流感病毒（IV）就已传播。我们推测，由于冠状病毒（CoVs）之间的共同特征，在SARS-CoV-2广泛感染和COVID-19疫苗接种后，ccCoV的检测阳性率发生了变化，而RSV或IV则没有。
我们收集了2015年10月至2024年4月在波士顿医疗中心检测到的所有ccCoVs、RSV和IV。我们比较了2020年3月SARS-CoV-2出现之前的5个呼吸道季节与2022年4月左右SARS-CoV-2奥密克戎变异株激增结束后的2个季节的病毒阳性率。我们使用多元线性回归、广义估计方程和多元逻辑回归分析来比较每周检测到的病毒总数和检测阳性频率。
与首例有记录的SARS-CoV-2病例之前的季节相比，在SARS-CoV-2广泛感染和COVID-19疫苗接种后，ccCoVs的检测阳性率显著降低，但RSV或IV没有。在因感染和COVID-19疫苗接种而广泛建立SARS-CoV-2免疫力后的季节中，ccCoV的感染几率降低了约60%，而RSV的感染几率没有变化。
我们的结果表明，在最近的呼吸道季节中，ccCoV的阳性率显著下降，而RSV和IV则没有。观察到的ccCoVs下降有多种潜在机制，例如不同但高度相关的CoVs之间的交叉反应性免疫反应，以及行为和医疗保健实践的变化。
