He Chuan, Chen Lili, Liang Youwang
School of Architecture, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 2;15(1):23174. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03036-1.
Traditional villages are gathering places for intangible cultural heritage. To clarify the actual relationship and formation mechanism of the spatial distribution of traditional villages and intangible cultural heritage (referred to as "ICH") within the Xiangjiang River Basin of Hunan Province, a total of 399 national and provincial intangible cultural heritages and 291 traditional Chinese villages in the Xiangjiang River Basin were studied. Various methods, including kernel density analysis, the spatial centre of gravity model, the spatial dislocation index, and geographic detection, have been employed to analyse the spatial characteristics and formation mechanism of intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages in the Xiangjiang River Basin. The results indicate the following: 1) The spatial distributions of intangible cultural heritage and traditional villages in the Xiangjiang River Basin are unbalanced, with a significant spatial dislocation relationship. The spatial structure of intangible cultural heritage is generally "dense in the north and sparse in the south", whereas traditional villages present a distribution structure consisting of one high-density core area and four subhigh-density core areas. 2) The dominant distribution areas of traditional villages are concentrated in the upper reaches of the Xiangjiang River Basin, whereas advantageous distribution areas for intangible cultural heritage are concentrated in economically developed regions located in the lower reaches. 3) The spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage in the Xiangjiang River Basin is more influenced by human environmental factors than by natural environmental factors. In contrast, response patterns for different factors affecting traditional villages are not only comprehensive but also exhibit scale differences and spatial heterogeneity. These findings contribute to clarifying practical relationships and mechanisms governing the spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage as well as traditional villages. Furthermore, they can provide theoretical guidance for coordinated protection efforts aimed at preserving both traditional villages and intangible cultural heritage within this region.
传统村落是非物质文化遗产的聚集地。为厘清湖南省湘江流域传统村落与非物质文化遗产（简称“非遗”）空间分布的实际关系及形成机制，对湘江流域399项国家级和省级非物质文化遗产以及291个中国传统村落进行了研究。运用核密度分析、空间重心模型、空间错位指数和地理探测等多种方法，对湘江流域非物质文化遗产和传统村落的空间特征及形成机制进行了分析。结果表明：1）湘江流域非物质文化遗产和传统村落的空间分布不均衡，存在显著的空间错位关系。非物质文化遗产的空间结构总体上是“北密南疏”，而传统村落呈现出由一个高密度核心区和四个次高密度核心区组成的分布结构。2）传统村落的主要分布区集中在湘江流域上游，而非物质文化遗产的优势分布区集中在下游经济发达地区。3）湘江流域非物质文化遗产的空间分布受人类环境因素的影响大于自然环境因素。相比之下，影响传统村落的不同因素的响应模式不仅具有综合性，还存在尺度差异和空间异质性。这些研究结果有助于厘清非物质文化遗产与传统村落空间分布的实际关系及机制。此外，它们可为该地区传统村落和非物质文化遗产保护的协调工作提供理论指导。
