Hu Yuqun, Feng Tieying
School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
BMC Geriatr. 2025 Jul 2;25(1):450. doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-06119-w.
Healthy lifestyles play a significant role in promoting healthy aging. Nevertheless, existing studies have placed greater emphasis on individual factors while overlooking the effects of community-based health services on health lifestyles. The objective of this study was to classify the health lifestyles of older Chinese adults and assess the associations between community-based health services and the health lifestyles of older adults.
Latent class analysis can classify homogeneous groups according to individuals' different responses to manifest variables. Based on data from the 2018 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), latent class analysis was employed to identify the types of health lifestyles among community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above in China. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between community-based health services and health lifestyles. And a total of 11,022 samples were entered into the analysis.
Three latent lifestyle classes were identified: "risky" (24.0%), "passive" (45.3%) and "preventive" (30.7%). Compared with a passive lifestyle, regular examinations were significantly associated with both risky (OR 1.384, 95% CI 1.191-1.609) and preventive (OR 1.733, 95% CI 1.527-1.965) lifestyles, and home visits (OR 1.467, 95% CI 1.133-1.899) and community nursing (OR 2.258, 95% CI 1.085-4.698) were significantly associated with a preventive lifestyle.
This study confirmed the role of public health services in shaping the health lifestyles of older adults, so as to promote healthy aging. The study also has limitations in the comprehensive assessment of health lifestyles, causal inference, and the acquisition of recent data.
健康的生活方式在促进健康老龄化方面发挥着重要作用。然而，现有研究更侧重于个体因素，而忽视了社区卫生服务对健康生活方式的影响。本研究的目的是对中国老年人的健康生活方式进行分类，并评估社区卫生服务与老年人健康生活方式之间的关联。
潜在类别分析可以根据个体对显性变量的不同反应对同质群体进行分类。基于中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）2018年的数据，采用潜在类别分析来识别中国60岁及以上社区居住老年人的健康生活方式类型。采用逻辑回归评估社区卫生服务与健康生活方式之间的关联。共有11022个样本纳入分析。
确定了三种潜在生活方式类别：“风险型”（24.0%）、“消极型”（45.3%）和“预防型”（30.7%）。与消极生活方式相比，定期体检与风险型（OR 1.384，95%CI 1.191 - 1.609）和预防型（OR 1.733，95%CI 1.527 - 1.965）生活方式均显著相关，家访（OR 1.467，95%CI 1.133 - 1.899）和社区护理（OR 2.258，95%CI 1.085 - 4.698）与预防型生活方式显著相关。
本研究证实了公共卫生服务在塑造老年人健康生活方式以促进健康老龄化方面的作用。该研究在健康生活方式的综合评估、因果推断和近期数据获取方面也存在局限性。
