Akinbobola Jones Soladoye, Kumuyi Olaoluwa Ayeoribe, Olusoji John Abiola, Omeje Jude Nduka, Dare Theophilus Aderemi, Jolayemi Kelvin Olutimilehin
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
BMC Vet Res. 2025 Jul 2;21(1):418. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04865-y.
Pig farming is a crucial component of global livestock production, contributing to food security, economic growth, and rural livelihoods. However, the misuse of antibiotics in livestock farming has raised serious concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a global health crisis threatening both human and animal health. Ethnoveterinary medicine remains widely practiced but lacks scientific validation and integration into conventional veterinary systems. This study assessed the demographic characteristics, antibiotic use, and ethnoveterinary practices among pig farmers in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 40 pig farmers was conducted using structured questionnaires, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for association. Results showed that pig farming in FCT is male-dominated (67.5%), with most farmers (52.5%) aged 41-60 years and having only primary education (52.5%). Antibiotic use was widespread, 90% of farmers administered antibiotics, with oxytetracycline, penicillin, and amoxicillin being most commonly used. Self-administration was common (72.5%), and a significant association was found between antibiotic administration and frequency of use (χ = 28.96, df = 2, p = 0.00). Farms with local pig breeds exhibited higher antibiotic use (χ = 11.11, df = 2, p = 0.00). Ethnoveterinary medicine was practiced by 50% of farmers, with significant associations between its use and education level (χ = 17.98, df = 6, p = 0.00). There is an urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship, improved veterinary education, and standardized ethnoveterinary medicine integration. Addressing these issues may support sustainable livestock production and AMR mitigation in similar low-and middle-income settings. These findings add to the understanding of antimicrobial practices in localised settings which cumulatively influence the global AMR burden.
养猪是全球畜牧业生产的关键组成部分，对粮食安全、经济增长和农村生计做出了贡献。然而，畜牧业中抗生素的滥用引发了人们对抗菌素耐药性（AMR）的严重担忧，这是一场威胁人类和动物健康的全球卫生危机。民族兽医学仍然广泛应用，但缺乏科学验证且未融入传统兽医体系。本研究评估了尼日利亚联邦首都地区（FCT）养猪户的人口特征、抗生素使用情况和民族兽医学实践。使用结构化问卷对40名养猪户进行了横断面调查，并使用描述性统计和卡方检验进行关联分析。结果显示，FCT的养猪业以男性为主（67.5%），大多数养殖户（52.5%）年龄在41至60岁之间，且只有小学学历（52.5%）。抗生素使用广泛，90%的养殖户使用抗生素，土霉素、青霉素和阿莫西林是最常用的。自我给药很常见（72.5%），并且在抗生素给药和使用频率之间发现了显著关联（χ=28.96，自由度=2，p=0.00）。养殖本地猪品种的农场抗生素使用量更高（χ=11.11，自由度=2，p=0.00）。50%的养殖户采用民族兽医学，其使用与教育水平之间存在显著关联（χ=17.98，自由度=6，p=0.00）。迫切需要进行抗菌药物管理、改善兽医教育并实现民族兽医学的标准化整合。解决这些问题可能有助于在类似的低收入和中等收入环境中实现可持续的畜牧业生产并减轻AMR负担。这些发现有助于加深对局部环境中抗菌实践的理解，这些实践会累积影响全球AMR负担。
