Birch E E
Vision Res. 1985;25(4):571-6. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(85)90162-2.
Monocular acuity, binocular acuity, and stereopsis were assessed with preferential-looking techniques in a sample of 114 normal infants aged 0-11 months in order to examine developmental trends in: (1) interocular differences in acuity, (2) test-retest reliability, (3) the relationship between monocular and binocular measures of acuity, and (4) the relationship between interocular differences in acuity and stereopsis. Mean interocular acuity difference was largest during months 0-5 (approximately 1 octave) and decreased to approximately 0.5 octaves by months 9-11. Test-retest reliability was constant throughout months 0-11 (0.5 octaves). The superiority of binocular acuity over monocular acuity was evident after the 6th month. The presence or absence of stereopsis during months 3-5 was directly related to the magnitude of interocular acuity differences. These age trends suggest that the third to fifth months of life may represent a period of binocular competition in the human visual system which, during normal development, culminates in small interocular acuity differences and the onset of binocular function, including stereopsis.
为了研究以下方面的发育趋势，我们采用优先注视技术对114名年龄在0至11个月的正常婴儿进行了单眼视力、双眼视力和立体视觉评估：（1）两眼间视力差异；（2）重测信度；（3）单眼和双眼视力测量之间的关系；（4）两眼间视力差异与立体视觉之间的关系。两眼间平均视力差异在0至5个月时最大（约1个八度），到9至11个月时降至约0.5个八度。在0至11个月期间重测信度保持恒定（0.5个八度）。6个月后双眼视力优于单眼视力的情况明显。3至5个月期间是否存在立体视觉与两眼间视力差异的大小直接相关。这些年龄趋势表明，生命的第三个月至第五个月可能代表人类视觉系统中双眼竞争的时期，在正常发育过程中，这一时期最终导致两眼间视力差异较小以及包括立体视觉在内的双眼功能的开始。
