Shevchuk O I, Korcheva V V, Moskalenko N S, Kyryk V M, Kot K V, Krasnienkov D S
D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025 Jun 18;13:1621641. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1621641. eCollection 2025.
The development of efficient, biocompatible scaffolds is an actual challenge in tissue engineering. Scaffolds derived from animal sources offer promising structural and biochemical properties but require thorough decellularization to minimize immunogenicity and maintain extracellular matrix integrity. Effective decellularization requires a synergistic combination of methods to ensure complete removal of immunogenic cellular components while preserving critical extracellular matrix elements such as glycosaminoglycans, collagens, and growth factors. This review covers the application of some decellularization methods (physical, chemical) in scaffold production, highlighting their respective advantages, limitations, and biosafety considerations. Moreover, the importance of scaffold sterilization: both physical techniques like gamma irradiation and chemical agents-are mentioned for their efficacy and cytotoxic risks. Furthermore, scaffold modifications, particularly recellularization strategies, are discussed as key enhancements to improve biocompatibility and functional integration. Overall, the selection and optimization of decellularization protocols are crucial for the safe and effective clinical implementation of bioengineered scaffolds.
开发高效、生物相容的支架是组织工程领域当前面临的一项挑战。来自动物源的支架具有良好的结构和生化特性，但需要进行彻底的脱细胞处理，以尽量减少免疫原性并维持细胞外基质的完整性。有效的脱细胞处理需要多种方法协同组合，以确保在保留关键细胞外基质成分（如糖胺聚糖、胶原蛋白和生长因子）的同时，完全去除免疫原性细胞成分。本综述涵盖了一些脱细胞处理方法（物理、化学）在支架生产中的应用，突出了它们各自的优点、局限性和生物安全性考量。此外，还提到了支架灭菌的重要性：包括γ射线辐照等物理技术和化学试剂，阐述了它们的功效和细胞毒性风险。此外，还讨论了支架修饰，特别是再细胞化策略，作为改善生物相容性和功能整合的关键增强措施。总体而言，脱细胞处理方案的选择和优化对于生物工程支架安全有效的临床应用至关重要。
