Kullaa-Mikkonen A, Sorvari T E
Acta Anat (Basel). 1985;123(2):114-20. doi: 10.1159/000146050.
To study the dorsal surface of the human tongue using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tissue specimens were taken from the anterior part of the tongues of 15 individuals aged from 21- to 28-years-old. The formalin-fixed samples were processed routinely for SEM. With SEM the surface of the normal tongue mucosa was shown to be rather evenly covered by filiform papillae, with some fungiform papillae scattered among them. Filiform papillae consisted of two parts: the body and hairs. The mucosal surface of the body was smooth; the squamous epithelial cells were polygonal, and their boundaries were prominent. On the surface of the superficial epithelial cells were parallel or branching microplicae. Each filiform papilla had 6-10 hairs, which were scaled and covered by an extensive plaque of microorganism. The upper surface of the fungiform papillae was smooth; only a few desquamating cells were seen. The superficial cells had a pitted appearance and cell boundaries overlapped. Taste pores, up to 3 pores in a single papilla, were found on the upper surface. Desquamation was more pronounced on the base of the fungiform papillae than on the upper surface. In almost all fungiform papillae some hairs protruded from the base. Parallel microplicae were found on the surface of the superficial cells of the base. The structure and function of the human tongue, as well as the microplicae of its superficial cells, are compared to those of various species of animals.
为了使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究人类舌头的背面，从15名年龄在21至28岁之间的个体的舌头前部采集了组织样本。将福尔马林固定的样本常规处理用于SEM。通过SEM观察到，正常舌黏膜表面相当均匀地覆盖着丝状乳头，其间散布着一些菌状乳头。丝状乳头由两部分组成：主体和毛发。主体的黏膜表面光滑；鳞状上皮细胞呈多边形，边界明显。在表层上皮细胞表面有平行或分支的微褶。每个丝状乳头有6至10根毛发，这些毛发有鳞片并被大量微生物菌斑覆盖。菌状乳头的上表面光滑；仅见少数脱落细胞。表层细胞呈凹陷外观，细胞边界相互重叠。在上表面发现有 taste pores，单个乳头中最多有3个孔。菌状乳头基部的脱屑比上表面更明显。几乎所有菌状乳头的基部都有一些毛发伸出。在基部表层细胞表面发现有平行的微褶。将人类舌头的结构和功能以及其表层细胞的微褶与各种动物的进行了比较。
