Rohlfing Nico, Pum Martin, Bonnet Udo, Koelkebeck Katja, Scherbaum Norbert
Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Jun 19;16:1549976. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1549976. eCollection 2025.
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach is a tipping point in psychotherapy and introduces a new development in the treatment of mental disorders. The linking of clinical syndromes with their biological foundation shifts the emphasis of research and methodology on biology and increases the falsifiability of therapy schools, trends, and paradigms in psychotherapy. Interventions are not exclusively assessed according to their efficacy anymore; they focus on biological mechanisms and aim to alter them in an evidence-based way. At the same time, research benefits from the clinical expertise of experienced practitioners and proven treatment concepts. With this heterogeneity and with the decline of diagnosis-specific treatment, a vacuum occurs with respect to a basic theory on the functionality of the mind and the central approach for treatment. The mind can be assessed precisely by biologically based functional mechanisms. Needs could be moved into the center of treatment and their neural mechanisms, which overlap with addiction and reward processing, are the interface between universally valid or nomothetic processes and an individualized idiographic treatment. The RDoC approach will prospectively lead to a huge integration of proven treatment concepts to develop innovative evidence-based interventions and a basic theory of the mind in the sense of a universally valid neuropsychotherapy. The rationale was to define a central approach to and a RDoC perspective on psychotherapy.
研究领域标准（RDoC）方法是心理治疗中的一个转折点，并为精神障碍治疗带来了新的发展。将临床综合征与其生物学基础联系起来，转移了研究和方法对生物学的侧重点，并提高了心理治疗学派、趋势和范式的可证伪性。干预措施不再仅仅根据其疗效进行评估；它们关注生物学机制，并旨在以循证的方式改变这些机制。与此同时，研究受益于经验丰富的从业者的临床专业知识和经过验证的治疗理念。鉴于这种异质性以及针对特定诊断的治疗方法的减少，在心智功能的基础理论和核心治疗方法方面出现了空白。心智可以通过基于生物学的功能机制进行精确评估。需求可以被置于治疗的中心位置，而它们与成瘾及奖赏处理重叠的神经机制，是普遍有效的或规范的过程与个体化的独特治疗之间的接口。RDoC方法有望前瞻性地促成对经过验证的治疗理念的巨大整合，从而开发出创新的循证干预措施以及一种具有普遍有效性的神经心理治疗意义上的心智基础理论。其基本原理是定义心理治疗的核心方法和RDoC视角。
