昆虫病原真菌和夹竹桃科植物牛角瓜提取物对辣椒上蚜虫和粉虱防治效果的田间评估
Field evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi and Usher plant Calotropis procera extract for controlling aphids and whiteflies on pepper.
作者信息
Sayed Samy M, El Husseini Monir M, Agamy Essam, Farag Marwa M A
机构信息
Center of Biological Control & IPM, Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
出版信息
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 5;15(1):24044. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-06100-y.
Both plant extracts and entomopathogenic fungi play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture as environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The study aimed to use Calotropis procera extract (PE), and the commercial entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana (Bb) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) individually and each one with PE against both aphid and whitefly on pepper plants in two locations. Phenols and flavonoids in leaves of C. procera were detected by HPLC analysis and indicated that there are 14 compounds and some of them are showing insecticide effects. This extract showed LC and LC on Myzus persicae as 292.24 and 709.7 µg/mL, respectively. Field experiments showed that reduction rates for aphids were increased with significant differences among the treatments in the location-1 to be 100% (PE + Bb), 97.47% (PE + Ma) and 95.53% (pesticide), 87.83% (Bb), and 81.29% (PE) followed by lower rate of 75.98% (Ma). These reduction rates in the location (2) were 96.1% (PE + Bb), and 93.4% (pesticide). Meanwhile, the reduction rate of PE + Ma (86.4%) was significantly lower than that of PE + Bb and pesticide but higher than that of PE (78.23%). Similar trend was recorded) for whitefly in both locations where it was 96% for PE + Bb and pesticide followed by Bb, PE and PE + Ma (86-88%) while the lower rate was 77.48% (Ma). Meanwhile, the reduction rates in the location-2 reached 100% for PE + Bb, PE + Ma and pesticide with significant differences for Bb (96.11%) followed by the lower two treatments (PE = 87.98% and Ma = 89.76%) without a significant difference between both of them. It could be concluded that the using of the commercial EPF especially B. bassiana with C. procera leaf extract achieved the higher reduction rates of aphids and whiteflies than that of using of each one individually. Accordingly, they could be used together in integrated pest management of piercing sucking insect pests due to there are synergistic effects and compatibilities between both of them. Moreover, other isolates of EPFs should be tested with this plant extract to ensure from the compatibility between them due to some EPFs isolates are not compatible with some plant extracts.
植物提取物和昆虫病原真菌作为合成农药的环保替代品，在可持续农业中都发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在使用牛角瓜提取物（PE）以及商业昆虫病原真菌球孢白僵菌（Bb）和绿僵菌（Ma），分别单独使用以及将每种真菌与PE一起用于两个地点的辣椒植株上防治蚜虫和粉虱。通过高效液相色谱分析检测了牛角瓜叶片中的酚类和黄酮类化合物，结果表明有14种化合物，其中一些具有杀虫作用。该提取物对桃蚜的LC50和LC90分别为292.24和709.7μg/mL。田间试验表明，在地点1，各处理间蚜虫减少率差异显著，其中（PE + Bb）为100%，（PE + Ma）为97.47%，（农药）为95.53%，（Bb）为87.83%，（PE）为81.29%，（Ma）较低，为75.98%。在地点2，这些减少率分别为（PE + Bb）96.1%，（农药）93.4%。同时（PE + Ma）的减少率（86.4%）显著低于（PE + Bb）和农药，但高于（PE）（78.23%）。两个地点粉虱的情况记录了类似趋势，（PE + Bb）和农药的减少率为96%，其次是（Bb）、（PE）和（PE + Ma）（86 - 88%），较低的是（Ma）（77.48%）。在地点2，（PE + Bb）、（PE + Ma）和农药的减少率达到100%，（Bb）差异显著（96.11%），其次是较低的两个处理（（PE = 87.98%，Ma = 89.76%），二者之间无显著差异。可以得出结论，商业昆虫病原真菌尤其是球孢白僵菌与牛角瓜叶提取物一起使用，比单独使用每种物质能实现更高的蚜虫和粉虱减少率。因此，由于它们之间存在协同效应和兼容性，可将它们一起用于刺吸式害虫的综合虫害管理。此外，应测试其他昆虫病原真菌分离株与这种植物提取物的兼容性，因为一些昆虫病原真菌分离株与某些植物提取物不兼容。
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