Agarwal Pallavi, Fischer Hillary D, Camalle Maria D, Skirycz Aleksandra
Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
J Exp Bot. 2025 Nov 12;76(19):5738-5747. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraf311.
Dipeptides are structurally diverse small molecules with varying modes of biogenesis and function. In plants, dipeptides were historically associated with nitrogen storage and mobilization; however, they are also reported to act as antioxidants, signaling molecules, protein regulators, and modulators of microbial communities. In this review, we discuss the structural diversity and biogenesis of dipeptides, with respect to (i) proteinogenic dipeptides that are products of protein degradation, (ii) non-proteinogenic amino acid dipeptides, such as those containing a γ-glutamyl group, and (iii) cyclic dipeptides, largely derived from microorganisms. Highlighted are recent examples of dipeptides that were shown to display plant health-promoting activities, including boosting growth and improving stress resilience against pathogens, salinity, chilling, and heat, making the case that these overlooked compounds are more than what meets the eye.
二肽是结构多样的小分子，具有不同的生物合成方式和功能。在植物中，二肽在历史上与氮的储存和转运有关；然而，据报道它们还可作为抗氧化剂、信号分子、蛋白质调节剂以及微生物群落的调节剂。在本综述中，我们讨论二肽的结构多样性和生物合成，涉及（i）作为蛋白质降解产物的蛋白原性二肽，（ii）非蛋白原性氨基酸二肽，例如含有γ-谷氨酰基的二肽，以及（iii）主要源自微生物的环二肽。重点介绍了最近显示出促进植物健康活性的二肽实例，包括促进生长以及提高对病原体、盐度、低温和高温的胁迫抗性，表明这些被忽视的化合物远不止表面所见。
