Pathi Krishna Mohan, Sprink Thorben
Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Genome Editing and Synthetic Biology Group, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Quedlinburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jun 24;16:1601216. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1601216. eCollection 2025.
The global trend towards plant-based protein sources as an alternative to animal-derived protein has surged due to health benefits, rising adoption of vegan and vegetarian lifestyles. This shift promotes sustainable agriculture by mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and safeguarding biodiversity. Among various plant-based protein sources, legumes have received considerable attention due to their high-protein content, gluten-free nature and nitrogen-fixing capacity, making them indispensable in crop rotation systems. Within the legume family, lupins are gaining global attention for their exceptional nutritional profile and bioactive compounds with promising health benefits. Although lupins offer significant nutritional benefits, challenges such as biotic and abiotic stresses and anti-nutritional factors persist. Addressing these challenges demands advanced breeding techniques capable of mitigating these issues without compromising desirable traits. Genome editing holds promise for enhancing crop traits, including improved nutritional value and resistance to environmental stresses. The availability of complete genome sequences for lupin species provides a foundation for genome editing and accelerated breeding. However, genome editing requires reproducible plant cell culture and transformation protocols. Nonetheless, legumes exhibit a high degree of recalcitrance to regeneration and genetic transformation, the underlying mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current advancements, challenges and future prospects associated with plant cell culture, genetic transformation, genome editing and double haploid (DH) technologies in the context of lupin improvement. Additionally, this review briefly discusses major obstacles in conventional lupin breeding.
由于健康益处以及纯素食和素食生活方式的日益普及，全球范围内以植物性蛋白质来源替代动物性蛋白质的趋势激增。这种转变通过减少温室气体排放和保护生物多样性来促进可持续农业。在各种植物性蛋白质来源中，豆类因其高蛋白含量、无麸质特性和固氮能力而受到广泛关注，使其在轮作系统中不可或缺。在豆科植物中，羽扇豆因其卓越的营养成分和具有潜在健康益处的生物活性化合物而受到全球关注。尽管羽扇豆具有显著的营养益处，但生物和非生物胁迫以及抗营养因子等挑战依然存在。应对这些挑战需要先进的育种技术，能够在不影响理想性状的情况下减轻这些问题。基因组编辑有望改善作物性状，包括提高营养价值和抗环境胁迫能力。羽扇豆物种完整基因组序列的可用性为基因组编辑和加速育种提供了基础。然而，基因组编辑需要可重复的植物细胞培养和转化方案。尽管如此，豆类对再生和遗传转化表现出高度的顽抗性，其潜在机制在很大程度上仍然未知。本综述全面审视了羽扇豆改良背景下与植物细胞培养、遗传转化、基因组编辑和双单倍体（DH）技术相关的当前进展、挑战和未来前景。此外，本综述简要讨论了传统羽扇豆育种中的主要障碍。
