Chen Feng, Chen Lu, Yan Zhao, Xu Jingyuan, Feng Luoluo, He Na, Guo Mingli, Zhao Jiaxiong, Chen Zhijun, Chen Huiqi, Yao Gengzhen, Liu Chunping
School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Pharma Technology A/S, Køge, Denmark.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Sep 23;15:1478398. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1478398. eCollection 2024.
An increasing population, climate change, and diminishing natural resources present severe threats to global food security, with traditional breeding and genetic engineering methods often falling short in addressing these rapidly evolving challenges. CRISPR/Cas systems have emerged as revolutionary tools for precise genetic modifications in crops, offering significant advancements in resilience, yield, and nutritional value, particularly in staple crops like rice and maize. This review highlights the transformative potential of CRISPR/Cas technology, emphasizing recent innovations such as prime and base editing, and the development of novel CRISPR-associated proteins, which have significantly improved the specificity, efficiency, and scope of genome editing in agriculture. These advancements enable targeted genetic modifications that enhance tolerance to abiotic stresses as well as biotic stresses. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas plays a crucial role in improving crop yield and quality by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient uptake, and resistance to lodging, while also improving taste, texture, shelf life, and nutritional content through biofortification. Despite challenges such as off-target effects, the need for more efficient delivery methods, and ethical and regulatory concerns, the review underscores the importance of CRISPR/Cas in addressing global food security and sustainability challenges. It calls for continued research and integration of CRISPR with other emerging technologies like nanotechnology, synthetic biology, and machine learning to fully realize its potential in developing resilient, productive, and sustainable agricultural systems.
人口增长、气候变化和自然资源减少对全球粮食安全构成了严峻威胁，传统育种和基因工程方法往往难以应对这些迅速演变的挑战。CRISPR/Cas系统已成为作物精确基因改造的革命性工具，在提高作物抗逆性、产量和营养价值方面取得了重大进展，尤其是在水稻和玉米等主粮作物中。本综述强调了CRISPR/Cas技术的变革潜力，重点介绍了如引导编辑和碱基编辑等最新创新成果，以及新型CRISPR相关蛋白的开发，这些显著提高了农业基因组编辑的特异性、效率和范围。这些进展使得能够进行有针对性的基因改造，增强对非生物胁迫和生物胁迫的耐受性。此外，CRISPR/Cas通过提高光合效率、养分吸收和抗倒伏能力，在提高作物产量和品质方面发挥着关键作用，同时还通过生物强化改善口感、质地、保质期和营养成分。尽管存在脱靶效应、需要更高效的递送方法以及伦理和监管等问题，但本综述强调了CRISPR/Cas在应对全球粮食安全和可持续性挑战方面的重要性。它呼吁继续开展研究，并将CRISPR与纳米技术、合成生物学和机器学习等其他新兴技术相结合，以充分发挥其在发展抗逆、高产和可持续农业系统方面的潜力。
