López Antonio, Fuentes-Ferragud Esther, Muñoz Amalia, Borràs Esther, Vera Teresa, Coscollà Clara
Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencia Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencia Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, S/N, Avenida Sos Baynat, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2025 Oct 15;383:126770. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126770. Epub 2025 Jul 7.
The potentially adverse effects of pesticide exposure on the general population, and particularly on the more susceptible groups (such as toddlers), are a public health concern. The present study aims to investigate the temporal and spatial fluctuations of pesticides over the past two decades in a rural Mediterranean Region of Spain (the Valencian Region). Overall, a comprehensive analysis of the ambient air revealed the presence of 80 pesticides, including 35 insecticides, 29 fungicides and 11 herbicides, among others. Concentrations detected in Mediterranean ambient air ranged from a few pg m (1.9 for bifenthrin) to millions (1.7 × 10 pg m for malathion). Temporal trends revealed a significant decrease in pesticide concentrations of carbendazim, omethoate and terbuthylazine, whereas others such as metalaxyl and spirotetramat exhibited an increase. The number of pesticides detected and their concentrations were, in general, higher in citrus and vineyards crops compared with other crops assessed. Risk assessment revealed no inhalation risk for adults, with HQ (Hazard Quotient) values well below the threshold level (HQ = 1). However, a single detected concentration at one of the citrus stations showed a potential risk to toddlers due to the pesticide chlorpyrifos-ethyl. Additionally, no cancer risk was observed for either of the populations studied based on average concentrations, although the maximum concentrations of omethoate exceeded the concerned level (1.0 × 10).
农药暴露对普通人群，尤其是对更易感人群（如幼儿）的潜在不利影响是一个公共卫生问题。本研究旨在调查西班牙地中海沿岸一个农村地区（巴伦西亚地区）过去二十年中农药的时空波动情况。总体而言，对环境空气的综合分析显示存在80种农药，其中包括35种杀虫剂、29种杀菌剂和11种除草剂等。在地中海环境空气中检测到的浓度范围从几皮克/立方米（联苯菊酯为1.9）到数百万（马拉硫磷为1.7×10皮克/立方米）。时间趋势显示多菌灵、氧乐果和特丁津的农药浓度显著下降，而甲霜灵和螺虫乙酯等其他农药则呈上升趋势。与评估的其他作物相比，柑橘和葡萄园作物中检测到的农药数量及其浓度总体上更高。风险评估显示，成人不存在吸入风险（危害商HQ值远低于阈值水平（HQ = 1））。然而，在一个柑橘监测站检测到的单一浓度显示，由于乙基毒死蜱农药，幼儿存在潜在风险。此外，尽管氧乐果的最大浓度超过了关注水平（1.0×10），但基于平均浓度，所研究的任何人群均未观察到癌症风险。
