Yamashita Nodoka, Ishii Shioka, Kotoku Yoriko, Shuo Takuya, Eto Hiromi, Kondo Hideaki
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-City, 852-8520, Japan.
Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-City, 852-8520, Japan.
J Physiol Anthropol. 2025 Jul 9;44(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s40101-025-00403-9.
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among Japanese female university students. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with physical and mental health problems, including sleep disorders. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and sleep and mental health problems among Japanese female university students.
Participants were 224 female university students. Blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for vitamin D assessment. Mental health was assessed using the K6. Sleep-wake status as a factor related to mental health was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Munich ChronoType Questionnaire. Loneliness was assessed using the Three-Item Loneliness Scale. Factors predicting mental health problems with a K6 score ≥ 5 were explored using the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact probability test, and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.
The median (interquartile range) serum 25(OH)D concentration was 14.5 (11.8-18.3) ng/mL. Of the participants, 80.8% had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL), and 26.3% had severe vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL). In total, 41.1% had mental health problems with a K6 score of ≥ 5. Although there was no significant association between vitamin D deficiency and sleep-wake problems, vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent among those with K6 scores ≥ 5 (P = 0.02). Compared to those with K6 < 5, those with K6 ≥ 5 had significantly higher Loneliness and AIS scores (P < 0.001), greater social jetlag (P = 0.03), shorter sleep duration on weekdays (P = 0.03), and lower serum 25(OH)D concentration (P = 0.02). In the CART analysis, the algorithm was set in the order of Loneliness score ≥ 6, AIS score ≥ 7, social jetlag ≥ 150 min, and serum 25(OH)D concentration < 14 ng/mL, and the target accuracy (95% confidence interval: CI) was 76.5 (70.3-81.9)%, and sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were 62.2 (51.4-72.2)% and 86.3 (79.2-91.6)%, respectively.
Loneliness, insomnia symptoms, social jetlag, and vitamin D deficiency were associated with mental health problems among Japanese female university students.
维生素D缺乏在日本女大学生中非常普遍。维生素D缺乏与身心健康问题有关，包括睡眠障碍。本研究旨在阐明日本女大学生中维生素D缺乏与睡眠及心理健康问题之间的关系。
参与者为224名女大学生。使用液相色谱-串联质谱法测量血清25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]水平以评估维生素D状况。使用K6量表评估心理健康。使用雅典失眠量表（AIS）和慕尼黑昼夜类型问卷评估与心理健康相关的睡眠-觉醒状态。使用三项孤独感量表评估孤独感。使用曼-惠特尼U检验、费舍尔精确概率检验和分类与回归树（CART）分析探索预测K6评分≥5的心理健康问题的因素。
血清25(OH)D浓度的中位数（四分位间距）为14.5（11.8-18.3）ng/mL。参与者中，80.8%存在维生素D缺乏（25(OH)D<20 ng/mL），26.3%存在严重维生素D缺乏（25(OH)D<12 ng/mL）。共有41.1%的人K6评分≥5，存在心理健康问题。虽然维生素D缺乏与睡眠-觉醒问题之间无显著关联，但在K6评分≥5的人群中维生素D缺乏更为普遍（P=0.02）。与K6<5的人相比，K6≥5的人孤独感和AIS评分显著更高（P<0.001），社会时差更大（P=0.03），工作日睡眠时间更短（P=0.03），血清25(OH)D浓度更低（P=0.02）。在CART分析中，算法按孤独感评分≥6、AIS评分≥7、社会时差≥150分钟和血清25(OH)D浓度<14 ng/mL的顺序设置，目标准确率（95%置信区间：CI）为76.5（70.3-81.9）%，敏感度和特异度（95%CI）分别为62.2（51.4-72.2）%和86.3（79.2-91.6）%。
孤独感、失眠症状、社会时差和维生素D缺乏与日本女大学生的心理健康问题有关。
