Wang Qi, Feng Yutian, Wang Anqi, Hu Yuelei, Cao Yannan, Zheng Jingjing, Le Yinpeng, Liu Juan
Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China.
Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
ILIVER. 2024 Feb 8;3(1):100080. doi: 10.1016/j.iliver.2024.100080. eCollection 2024 Mar.
The liver is a pivotal organ that maintains internal homeostasis and actively participates in multiple physiological processes. Liver tissue engineering (LTE), by which biomimetic liver models are constructed, serves as a platform for disease research, drug screening, and cell replacement therapies. 3D bioprinting is used in tissue engineering to create microenvironments that closely mimic authentic tissues with carefully selected functional biomaterials. Ideal functional biomaterials exhibit characteristics such as high biocompatibility, mechanical strength, flexibility, processability, and tunable degradability. Biomaterials can be categorized into natural and synthetic biomaterials, each with its own advantages and limitations, and their combinations serve as a primary source of 3D bioprinting materials. It is noteworthy that the liver decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), obtained by removing cellular components from tissues, possesses traits such as bioactivity, biocompatibility, and non-immunogenicity, making it a common choice among functional biomaterials. Furthermore, crosslinking of biomaterials significantly impacts the mechanical strength, physicochemical properties, and cellular behavior of the printed structures. This review covers the current utilization of biomaterials in LTE, focusing on natural and synthetic biomaterials as well as the selection and application of crosslinking methods. The aim is to enhance the fidelity of liver tissue models by providing a comprehensive coverage of functional biomaterials, thereby establishing a versatile platform for tissue-engineered livers.
肝脏是维持体内稳态并积极参与多种生理过程的关键器官。肝组织工程（LTE）通过构建仿生肝脏模型，为疾病研究、药物筛选和细胞替代疗法提供了一个平台。3D生物打印用于组织工程，以利用精心挑选的功能性生物材料创建紧密模拟真实组织的微环境。理想的功能性生物材料具有高生物相容性、机械强度、柔韧性、可加工性和可调降解性等特性。生物材料可分为天然生物材料和合成生物材料，每种都有其自身的优缺点，它们的组合是3D生物打印材料的主要来源。值得注意的是，通过从组织中去除细胞成分获得的肝脏脱细胞细胞外基质（dECM）具有生物活性、生物相容性和非免疫原性等特性，使其成为功能性生物材料中的常见选择。此外，生物材料的交联对打印结构的机械强度、物理化学性质和细胞行为有显著影响。本综述涵盖了生物材料在LTE中的当前应用，重点关注天然和合成生物材料以及交联方法的选择和应用。目的是通过全面介绍功能性生物材料来提高肝脏组织模型的保真度，从而建立一个多功能的组织工程肝脏平台。
