Davidson Per, Jönsson Peter, Carlsson Ingegerd, Pace-Schott Edward
Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2021 Jul 24;13:1257-1306. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S286701. eCollection 2021.
Sleep has been found to have a beneficial effect on memory consolidation. It has furthermore frequently been suggested that sleep does not strengthen all memories equally. The first aim of this review paper was to examine whether sleep selectively strengthens emotional declarative memories more than neutral ones. We examined this first by reviewing the literature focusing on sleep/wake contrasts, and then the literature on whether any specific factors during sleep preferentially benefit emotional memories, with a special focus on the often-suggested claim that rapid eye movement sleep primarily consolidates emotional memories. A second aim was to examine if sleep preferentially benefits memories based on other cues of future relevance such as reward, test-expectancy or different instructions during encoding. Once again, we first focused on studies comparing sleep and wake groups, and then on studies examining the contributions of specific factors during sleep (for each future relevance paradigm, respectively). The review revealed that although some support exists that sleep is more beneficial for certain kinds of memories based on emotion or other cues of future relevance, the majority of studies does not support such an effect. Regarding specific factors during sleep, our review revealed that no sleep variable has reliably been found to be specifically associated with the consolidation of certain kinds of memories over others based on emotion or other cues of future relevance.
研究发现睡眠对记忆巩固有有益影响。此外，人们还经常认为睡眠对所有记忆的强化作用并不相同。这篇综述文章的首要目的是研究睡眠是否选择性地强化情绪性陈述性记忆，且强化程度超过中性记忆。我们首先通过回顾聚焦于睡眠/清醒对比的文献来研究这一问题，然后再回顾关于睡眠期间是否有任何特定因素优先有益于情绪性记忆的文献，特别关注经常被提及的快速眼动睡眠主要巩固情绪性记忆这一说法。第二个目的是研究睡眠是否基于其他未来相关性线索（如奖励、测试预期或编码期间的不同指令）优先有益于记忆。同样，我们首先关注比较睡眠组和清醒组的研究，然后关注研究睡眠期间特定因素的贡献（分别针对每个未来相关性范式）。综述表明，尽管有一些证据支持睡眠对基于情绪或其他未来相关性线索的某些类型记忆更有益，但大多数研究并不支持这种效应。关于睡眠期间的特定因素，我们的综述表明，尚未可靠地发现任何睡眠变量与基于情绪或其他未来相关性线索对某些类型记忆的巩固存在特定关联，而与其他类型记忆的巩固有所不同。
