Silva Ana Filipa, Assis Gilmara, Silva Rui Miguel, Murawska-Ciałowicz Eugenia, Zurek Grzegorz, Carvalho José, Roriz Mafalda Sofia, Azevedo José Alberto, Sampaio António, Bento Telmo, Jovanovic Olivera, Adamovic Marko, Grieco Spartaco, Germini Roberta, Clemente Filipe Manuel
Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal.
Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, CCS-UFRN, Natal, 59012-570, RN, Brazil.
J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2025 Sep;12(8):100267. doi: 10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100267. Epub 2025 Jul 9.
Despite the global impact of neurodegenerative diseases and ongoing research efforts, pharmacological therapies have shown limited benefits. In contrast, physical exercise, with no side effects, has emerged as a non-pharmacological alternative that can enhance brain structure and function, promoting a healthier neurological phenotype.
This study aimed to explore the effects of aerobic and strength training methods, both with and without cognitive training, on mitigating or reversing cognitive decline in older adults.
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: In a randomized controlled trial, a total of 350 participants (average age 72.9 ± 6.0 years, 79 % female), with signs of decline (MoCA score below 26), were assigned to one of five groups: i) strength plus cognitive training (STCT, n = 92); ii) strength training (ST, n = 41); iii) aerobic training (AT, n = 97); iv) aerobic plus cognitive training (ATCT, n = 91); v) control (CG, n = 29).
For 12 weeks, all groups followed a 60 min training session three times a week, tailored to their specific group, with half of the sample adding 20 min of cognitive stimulation after the physical exercise.
Cognitive and physical assessments were conducted at the start and end of the intervention using the MoCA and the Senior Fitness test. A mixed ANCOVA analysis revealed significant interactions between time and group for all tests.
After the intervention, the CG showed significantly lower scores compared to all experimental groups. The CG also performed significantly worse than the ATCT group (p < 0.001). Additionally, the ATCT outperformed the STCT in the 6-min walk test (p < 0.05), while the STCT showed superior performance in the flexibility tests (sit and reach, back scratch) compared to the CG (p < 0.05).
Results showed that 12-weeks of aerobic and strength training, with or without cognitive components, improved cognitive performance in older adults with cognitive decline, highlighting the importance of maintaining functional abilities for preserving skills, autonomy, independence, and quality of life in aging.
尽管神经退行性疾病具有全球影响且研究不断，但药物治疗的益处有限。相比之下，无副作用的体育锻炼已成为一种非药物替代方法，可增强大脑结构和功能，促进更健康的神经表型。
本研究旨在探讨有氧训练和力量训练方法（有无认知训练）对减轻或逆转老年人认知衰退的影响。
设计、地点、参与者：在一项随机对照试验中，共有350名参与者（平均年龄72.9±6.0岁，79%为女性），有衰退迹象（蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）得分低于26分），被分配到五个组之一：i）力量训练加认知训练（STCT，n = 92）；ii）力量训练（ST，n = 41）；iii）有氧训练（AT，n = 97）；iv）有氧训练加认知训练（ATCT，n = 91）；v）对照组（CG，n = 29）。
为期12周，所有组每周进行三次60分钟的训练课程，并根据各自特定组进行调整，一半样本在体育锻炼后增加20分钟的认知刺激。
在干预开始和结束时使用MoCA和老年人健身测试进行认知和身体评估。混合协方差分析显示所有测试在时间和组之间存在显著交互作用。
干预后，CG组的得分显著低于所有实验组。CG组的表现也明显比ATCT组差（p < 0.001）。此外，在6分钟步行测试中，ATCT组优于STCT组（p < 0.05），而在灵活性测试（坐立前屈、背部伸展）中，STCT组的表现优于CG组（p < 0.05）。
结果表明，为期12周的有氧训练和力量训练，无论有无认知成分，均可改善有认知衰退的老年人的认知表现，突出了维持功能能力对于保持老年人技能、自主性、独立性和生活质量的重要性。
