Nthebere Knight, Tata Ram Prakash, Bhimireddy Padmaja, Chandran Latha P, Gudapati Jayasree, Yadav Manikyala Bhargava Narasimha, Sinha Nishant Kumar, Admala Meena
Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, 500 030, India.
ICAR-IIRR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, 500 030, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 10;15(1):24992. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09616-5.
Conservation agriculture experiment was undertaken to investigate synergistic effects of tillage and weed management on soil microbiome, and fungal diversity at vegetative (30 DAS) and tasselling (60 DAS) of maize and monitor yield. Main-treatments included T: Conventional tillage (CT) with Cotton- CT with maize- fallow, T: CT with Cotton- Zero tillage (ZT) with Maize- ZT with Sesbania rostrata (Sr) and T: ZT with Cotton + Sr residues- ZT with Maize + Cotton residues- ZT with Sr + Maize stubbles. Weed management (Sub-plots) were W: Chemical weed control, W: Herbicide rotation, W: Integrated weed management (IWM) and W: Single hand-weeded. Rhizo-sphere and plane samples were collected at 30 and 60 DAS for enzymatic, microbial analysis. The results demonstrated 25.90-44.72% and 20.31-50.72% decline on microbial and enzyme activities in T + W, and in T + W respectively compared to T and W combinations at 30 DAS, due to herbicidal impact, which increased by 24.67-68.41% and 20.71-62.90% at tasseling. Metabolic quotient (qCO) decreased with T and W combinations. Kernel and system yield were 39.42% and 51.60% higher under T + W and T + IWM combinations, respectively. Talaromyces flavus was identified under T + IWM. The qCO was exhibited with significant negative correlation with all biological attributes, while yield did not correlate. This suggest qCO as potential indicator to assess agro-ecosystem. The PCA selected variables (enzymes, organic carbon, and microbial parameters) are highly supported by zero-till + residues, and can indicate improved soil health and sustained productivity.
开展了保护性农业试验，以研究耕作和杂草管理对土壤微生物群落的协同效应，以及玉米营养期（30天出苗期）和抽雄期（60天出苗期）的真菌多样性，并监测产量。主要处理包括：T：棉花常规耕作（CT）-玉米休耕的CT，T：棉花CT-玉米免耕（ZT）-喙荚田菁（Sr）免耕，以及T：棉花+Sr残茬免耕-玉米+棉花残茬免耕- Sr+玉米茬免耕。杂草管理（子区）包括：W：化学除草，W：除草剂轮作，W：综合杂草管理（IWM）和W：人工除草。在30天和60天出苗期采集根际和平面样本进行酶和微生物分析。结果表明，与30天出苗期的T和W组合相比，T+W组合的微生物和酶活性分别下降了25.90%-44.72%和20.31%-50.72%，这是由于除草剂的影响，而在抽雄期分别增加了24.67%-68.41%和20.71%-62.90%。代谢商（qCO）随T和W组合而降低。在T+W和T+IWM组合下，籽粒产量和系统产量分别提高了39.42%和51.60%。在T+IWM组合下鉴定出了黄曲霉。qCO与所有生物学特性呈显著负相关，而产量则无相关性。这表明qCO是评估农业生态系统的潜在指标。主成分分析选择的变量（酶、有机碳和微生物参数）得到免耕+残茬的高度支持，并且可以表明土壤健康状况改善和生产力持续提高。
