Engell Ilka, Linsler Deborah, Sandor Mignon, Joergensen Rainer Georg, Meinen Catharina, Potthoff Martin
Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Georg August-University Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
Department of Environmental and Plant Protection Engineering and Environmental Protection, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jun 30;11(13):1747. doi: 10.3390/plants11131747.
Conservation tillage is often discussed as an effective tool to improve the soil quality in agriculture. Four sites across Europe (in Germany, Romania, Spain, and Sweden) were investigated as case studies for country-specific reductions in tillage intensity. Conventional tillage (CT) by mouldboard ploughing was compared with shallow and deep non-inversion minimum tillage (MT) and/or no-tillage (NT). In Sweden, NT and MT had positive effects on the concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in the upper 20 cm compared with CT. At the German site, MT increased SOC, N, and MBC concentrations in the top 10 cm. In contrast, CT increased MBC contents and bulk density between 20 and 30 cm soil depth. At the Romanian site, soil parameters showed no differences between inverse tillage (CT) and non-inverse tillage (MT), both with a working depth of 25 to 30 cm. At the Spanish site, the use of NT significantly increased the concentrations as well as the stocks of C, N, and MBC compared to CT. In conclusion, reduced tillage improved soil microbial properties in most cases. However, the effectiveness of reduced tillage appears to be highly dependent on site conditions such as pH, soil texture, and climatic conditions.
保护性耕作常被视为改善农业土壤质量的有效手段。对欧洲四个地点（德国、罗马尼亚、西班牙和瑞典）进行了调查，作为特定国家降低耕作强度的案例研究。将铧式犁进行的传统耕作（CT）与浅耕和深耕免耕（MT）及/或免耕（NT）进行了比较。在瑞典，与传统耕作相比，免耕和少耕对上层20厘米土壤中的有机碳（SOC）、总氮（N）和微生物生物量碳（MBC）浓度有积极影响。在德国的试验点，少耕增加了表层10厘米土壤中的有机碳、氮和微生物生物量碳浓度。相比之下，传统耕作增加了20至30厘米土壤深度处的微生物生物量碳含量和容重。在罗马尼亚的试验点，深耕（传统耕作）和浅耕（少耕）的土壤参数没有差异，两者的耕作深度均为25至30厘米。在西班牙的试验点，与传统耕作相比，免耕显著增加了碳、氮和微生物生物量碳的浓度及储量。总之，在大多数情况下，减少耕作改善了土壤微生物特性。然而，减少耕作的有效性似乎高度依赖于土壤酸碱度、土壤质地和气候条件等场地条件。
