Raiskila Matilda, Hakko Helinä, Wahlberg Karl-Erik, Räsänen Sami
University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, Peltolantie 17, PT1, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland.
Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Peltolantie 17, PT1, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland.
Schizophr Bull Open. 2025 May 26;6(1):sgaf011. doi: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaf011. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are known to affect the patient's functional performance. The functioning of those who are at familial risk for these disorders is less well understood. In this study, we compared the real-world functioning of adoptees with a genetic high-risk (HR) for schizophrenia spectrum disorders with adoptees without this risk (low-risk, LR). We hypothesized that the HR-group would have more difficulties in real-world functioning compared to the LR-group.
The data were based on the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia project. The study sample included 127 HR- and 130 LR-adoptees. An interview-based method, Strauss-Carpenter Level of Function (SCLF)-scale, was used to measure functional performance in a setup of adoptees living in comparable adoptive families. The SCLF-scale comprises domains for function, symptoms, social contacts, and work. The Structured Interview of Schizotypy was utilized in assessments of possible schizotypal traits of the HR- and LR-adoptees.
No significant differences in the real-world functioning in total scores or scores of any SCLF domains were observed between HR- and LR-adoptees. Of single SCLF items, the HR-adoptees were characterized as being less likely to have achieved formal education and the LR-adoptees needed more help with their own basic needs.
No differences were found in the real-world functioning between HR- and LR-populations. This indicates that the real-world functioning does not express one's genetic risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Our findings highlight the importance of considering environmental factors when comparing genetically different groups.
已知精神分裂症谱系障碍会影响患者的功能表现。对于那些有患这些疾病家族风险的人的功能情况，我们了解得较少。在本研究中，我们比较了有精神分裂症谱系障碍遗传高风险（HR）的被收养者与无此风险（低风险，LR）的被收养者在现实世界中的功能表现。我们假设与LR组相比，HR组在现实世界功能方面会有更多困难。
数据基于芬兰精神分裂症收养家庭研究项目。研究样本包括127名HR组和130名LR组被收养者。采用基于访谈的方法，即施特劳斯 - 卡彭特功能水平（SCLF）量表，来测量生活在可比收养家庭中的被收养者的功能表现。SCLF量表包括功能、症状、社会交往和工作等领域。对HR组和LR组被收养者可能的分裂型特质评估采用了分裂型结构化访谈。
在HR组和LR组被收养者之间，未观察到总分或任何SCLF领域得分在现实世界功能方面的显著差异。在单个SCLF项目中，HR组被收养者的特点是接受正规教育的可能性较小，而LR组被收养者在满足自身基本需求方面需要更多帮助。
HR组和LR组人群在现实世界功能方面未发现差异。这表明现实世界功能并不能体现一个人患精神分裂症谱系障碍的遗传风险。我们的研究结果突出了在比较基因不同的群体时考虑环境因素的重要性。
