Cohen Alex S, Mohr Christine, Ettinger Ulrich, Chan Raymond C K, Park Sohee
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA;
Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland;
Schizophr Bull. 2015 Mar;41 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S427-35. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbu195.
Schizotypy, defined in terms of commonly occurring personality traits related to the schizophrenia spectrum, has been an important construct for understanding the neurodevelopment and stress-diathesis of schizophrenia. However, as schizotypy nears its sixth decade of application, it is important to acknowledge its impressively rich literature accumulating outside of schizophrenia research. In this article, we make the case that schizotypy has considerable potential as a conceptual framework for understanding individual differences in affective and social functions beyond those directly involved in schizophrenia spectrum pathology. This case is predicated on (a) a burgeoning literature noting anomalies in a wide range of social functioning, affiliative, positive and negative emotional, expressive, and social cognitive systems, (b) practical and methodological features associated with schizotypy research that help facilitate empirical investigation, and (c) close ties to theoretical constructs of central importance to affective and social science (eg, stress diathesis, neural compensation). We highlight recent schizotypy research, ie providing insight into the nature of affective and social systems more generally. This includes current efforts to clarify the neurodevelopmental, neurobiological, and psychological underpinnings of affiliative drives, hedonic capacity, social cognition, and stress responsivity systems. Additionally, we discuss neural compensatory and resilience factors that may mitigate the expression of stress-diathesis and functional outcome, and highlight schizotypy's potential role for understanding cultural determinants of social and affective functions.
精神分裂症型人格特质是根据与精神分裂症谱系相关的常见人格特质来定义的，它一直是理解精神分裂症神经发育和应激素质的重要概念。然而，随着精神分裂症型人格特质的应用接近第六个十年，认识到在精神分裂症研究之外积累的丰富文献非常重要。在本文中，我们认为精神分裂症型人格特质作为一个概念框架具有相当大的潜力，可用于理解情感和社会功能方面的个体差异，而不仅仅局限于直接涉及精神分裂症谱系病理学的方面。这一观点基于以下几点：（a）大量文献指出，在广泛的社会功能、亲和性、积极和消极情绪、表达以及社会认知系统中存在异常；（b）与精神分裂症型人格特质研究相关的实践和方法学特征有助于推动实证研究；（c）与情感和社会科学核心理论概念（如应激素质、神经补偿）的紧密联系。我们重点介绍了近期关于精神分裂症型人格特质的研究，即更全面地洞察情感和社会系统的本质。这包括当前为阐明亲和驱力、享乐能力、社会认知和应激反应系统的神经发育、神经生物学和心理学基础所做的努力。此外，我们讨论了可能减轻应激素质表达和功能结果的神经补偿和复原力因素，并强调精神分裂症型人格特质在理解社会和情感功能的文化决定因素方面的潜在作用。
