Jie Wang, Wenyan Huo, Chang Liu, Jinghong Feng, Wenyi Li, Shanshan Li, Ming Su
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Mongolia, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jun 26;13:1581815. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1581815. eCollection 2025.
Following China's post-COVID-19 reopening strategy, intermittent small-scale outbreaks of respiratory pathogen infections have been observed in the Beijing region. This single-center study aims to characterize the epidemiological features and co-detection patterns of respiratory pathogens in Beijing, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases.
We performed a retrospective analysis of 19,535 patients undergoing SARS-CoV-2 testing and 12,372 patients screened for six respiratory pathogens, including (MP), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza A virus (IAV), adenovirus (ADV), and influenza B virus (IBV) at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2023 to December 2024. Epidemiological data were systematically collected and analyzed.
SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate maintained above 3% throughout the observation period. IAV demonstrated distinct seasonal peaks in March 2023 (41.9%, 52/124), November-December 2023 (24.5%, 119/485 to 21.9%, 208/950), and December 2024 (25.4%, 289/1136). Poly-epidemics of multiple pathogens emerged between October 2023 and April 2024. Pediatric populations showed highest prevalence of MP (21.4%, 158/740), co-detection (15%, 111/740) and ADV (12.7%, 94/740), while adults predominantly exhibited SARS-CoV-2 (35.1%, 674/1920), RSV (15.8%, 304/1920) and IAV (12.3%, 236/1920). Among 324 co-detection cases, MP (130 cases), HRV (117 cases), and IAV (111 cases) were most frequently involved, with MP + HRV (36 cases), MP + IAV (31 cases), and HRV + IAV (23 cases) being the predominant pairwise combinations.
Beijing experienced alternating waves of respiratory pathogen epidemics and co-detections during 2023-2024. IAV maintained characteristic winter-spring seasonality, while MP emerged as the predominant pathogen in co-detection events. Distinct pathogen profiles between pediatric and adult populations underscore the necessity for continuous surveillance and age-specific prevention strategies for respiratory infections.
随着中国新冠疫情后重新开放策略的实施，北京地区观察到呼吸道病原体感染有间歇性小规模暴发。这项单中心研究旨在描述北京地区呼吸道病原体的流行病学特征和联合检测模式，为呼吸道传染病的预防和控制提供科学依据。
我们对北京大学人民医院2023年1月至2024年12月期间接受新冠病毒检测的19535例患者以及接受六种呼吸道病原体筛查的12372例患者进行了回顾性分析，这六种呼吸道病原体包括肺炎支原体（MP）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、人鼻病毒（HRV）、甲型流感病毒（IAV）、腺病毒（ADV）和乙型流感病毒（IBV）。系统收集并分析了流行病学数据。
在整个观察期内，新冠病毒阳性率维持在3%以上。甲型流感病毒在2023年3月（41.9%，52/124）、2023年11月至12月（24.5%，119/485至21.9%，208/950）以及2024年12月（25.4%，289/1136）出现了明显的季节性高峰。2023年1月至4月出现了多种病原体的多重流行。儿科人群中肺炎支原体的患病率最高（21.4%，158/740）、联合检测率最高（15%，111/740）以及腺病毒感染率最高（12.7%，94/740），而成年人主要表现为新冠病毒感染（35.1%，674/1920）、呼吸道合胞病毒感染（15.8%，304/1920）和甲型流感病毒感染（12.3%，236/1920）。在324例联合检测病例中，肺炎支原体（130例）、人鼻病毒（117例）和甲型流感病毒（111例）最为常见，其中肺炎支原体+人鼻病毒（36例）、肺炎支原体+甲型流感病毒（31例）和人鼻病毒+甲型流感病毒（23例）是主要的两两组合。
北京在2023年至2024年期间经历了呼吸道病原体流行和联合检测的交替浪潮。甲型流感病毒保持了典型的冬春季季节性特征，而肺炎支原体则成为联合检测事件中的主要病原体。儿科和成人人群中不同的病原体特征强调了持续监测和针对呼吸道感染的特定年龄预防策略的必要性。
