Clinical Evidence on the Health Benefits and Safety of Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus: A Systematic Review.

In recent years, the health benefits of probiotics have received increasing attention. As one of the most common probiotics, the health efficacy and safety of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) have become the research focus. For this reason, the review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of L. rhamnosus on human health and various diseases. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of L. rhamnosus and multiple diseases. A digital search was conducted following systematic review guidelines, and 51 studies met inclusion criteria from a total of 1595 articles. The results of this review indicate that L. rhamnosus provides potential health benefits in various diseases. For example, studies have shown that it may alleviate clinical symptoms of atopic dermatitis in children, modulate gut microbiota to improve symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and potentially reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus. L. rhamnosus is generally considered safe for healthy individuals, with no serious adverse events commonly reported in the general population. However, occasional adverse effects have been documented in special populations such as critically ill patients, pregnant women, and infants, and caution is advised when used in these groups. Future studies investigating the health benefits of L. rhamnosus still need to design more comprehensive RCTs and expand the sample size to better study the impact of L. rhamnosus on various diseases.