Mitochondria dysfunction: cause or consequence of physiologic aging?

Mitochondria are no longer viewed solely as ATP- or metabolite-generating organelles but as key regulators of cellular signaling that shape physiologic aging. Contrary to earlier theories linking aging to mitochondrial DNA mutations and oxidative damage, current evidence shows that these factors do not causally limit physiologic aging. Instead, an evolving literature links age-related loss of mitochondrial signaling and function to important physiologic changes of aging. Moreover, mild inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory function with drugs like metformin promote health span. These findings open new paths for pharmacologically reprogramming mitochondrial signaling to extend healthy aging.