Shen Koning, Pender Corinne L, Bar-Ziv Raz, Zhang Hanlin, Wickham Kevin, Willey Elizabeth, Durieux Jenni, Ahmad Qazi, Dillin Andrew
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; email:
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Oct 6;38:179-218. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120420-015303. Epub 2022 Jul 8.
Mitochondria are traditionally known as the powerhouse of the cell, but their functions extend far beyond energy production. They are vital in cellular and organismal pathways that direct metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cellular fate. To accomplish these tasks, mitochondria have established networks of both intra- and extracellular communication. Intracellularly, these communication routes comprise direct contacts between mitochondria and other subcellular components as well as indirect vesicle transport of ions, metabolites, and other intracellular messengers. Extracellularly, mitochondria can induce stress responses or other cellular changes that secrete mitochondrial cytokine (mitokine) factors that can travel between tissues as well as respond to immune challenges from extracellular sources. Here we provide a current perspective on the major routes of communication for mitochondrial signaling, including their mechanisms and physiological impact. We also review the major diseases and age-related disorders associated with defects in these signaling pathways. An understanding of how mitochondrial signaling controls cellular homeostasis will bring greater insight into how dysfunctional mitochondria affect health in disease and aging.
线粒体传统上被认为是细胞的动力源，但其功能远不止于能量产生。它们在指导新陈代谢、应激反应、免疫和细胞命运的细胞及机体途径中至关重要。为完成这些任务，线粒体建立了细胞内和细胞外的通讯网络。在细胞内，这些通讯途径包括线粒体与其他亚细胞成分之间的直接接触以及离子、代谢物和其他细胞内信使的间接囊泡运输。在细胞外，线粒体可诱导应激反应或其他细胞变化，分泌可在组织间传递的线粒体细胞因子（线粒体素）因子，并对细胞外来源的免疫挑战作出反应。在此，我们提供了关于线粒体信号传导主要通讯途径的当前观点，包括其机制和生理影响。我们还综述了与这些信号通路缺陷相关的主要疾病和与年龄相关的病症。了解线粒体信号传导如何控制细胞内稳态将更深入地洞察功能失调的线粒体如何在疾病和衰老过程中影响健康。
