Mazzola Giuseppe, Rondanelli Mariangela, Buga Federico, Riso Patrizia, Perna Simone
Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Foods. 2025 Jun 20;14(13):2154. doi: 10.3390/foods14132154.
: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with increasing attention being paid to modifiable dietary factors in its prevention. Hazelnut ( L.) represent a nutrient-dense food rich in unsaturated fats, polyphenols, fiber, and phytosterols, with potential anticarcinogenic properties. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of hazelnut consumption in the prevention and modulation of CRC risk, with specific focus on experimental, mechanistic, and preclinical evidence. : Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library for articles published from 2015 onward. Eligible studies included original in vitro and in vivo models, as well as observational studies, evaluating hazelnut or hazelnut-derived products in relation to CRC-related biological, metabolic, or clinical outcomes. Data extraction focused on bioactive composition, experimental models, molecular pathways, and fecal/metabolic markers of carcinogenesis. : A total of 11 studies were included after screening 24 records: 8 in vitro investigations, 2 in vivo animal experiments, and 1 epidemiological study. In vitro studies showed that hazelnut derivatives-including fermented hazelnuts and oil-based extracts-exert antiproliferative effects via BAX/BCL-2 modulation, increased caspase-3 activity, and oxidative stress reduction. In vivo studies confirmed improved lipid metabolism, modulation of bile acid composition (notably reduced lithocholic/deoxycholic acid ratio), and enhanced antioxidant defenses. FIBEROX, a hazelnut skin extract enriched in dietary fiber, demonstrated promising effects on gut microbiota and bile acid detoxification. Hazelnut and their bioactive compounds may aid CRC prevention through multiple molecular and metabolic pathways. Further human studies are needed to confirm these effects and support dietary recommendations.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一，人们越来越关注可改变的饮食因素在其预防中的作用。榛子（L.）是一种营养丰富的食物，富含不饱和脂肪、多酚、纤维和植物甾醇，具有潜在的抗癌特性。本系统综述旨在评估食用榛子在预防和调节CRC风险中的作用，特别关注实验、机制和临床前证据。：按照PRISMA指南，在PubMed、谷歌学术和Cochrane图书馆中对2015年以后发表的文章进行了系统检索。符合条件的研究包括原始的体外和体内模型，以及观察性研究，评估榛子或榛子衍生产品与CRC相关的生物学、代谢或临床结果。数据提取重点关注生物活性成分、实验模型、分子途径以及致癌作用的粪便/代谢标志物。：在筛选了24条记录后，共纳入11项研究：8项体外研究、2项体内动物实验和1项流行病学研究。体外研究表明，榛子衍生物——包括发酵榛子和油基提取物——通过BAX/BCL-2调节、增加半胱天冬酶-3活性和减轻氧化应激发挥抗增殖作用。体内研究证实脂质代谢得到改善、胆汁酸组成得到调节（特别是石胆酸/脱氧胆酸比例降低）以及抗氧化防御增强。FIBEROX是一种富含膳食纤维的榛子皮提取物，对肠道微生物群和胆汁酸解毒显示出有前景的作用。榛子及其生物活性化合物可能通过多种分子和代谢途径有助于预防CRC。需要进一步的人体研究来证实这些作用并支持饮食建议。
