Corrales Daniela, Alcántara Cristina, Monedero Vicente, Zúñiga Manuel
Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics Laboratory, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), C/Catedràtic Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
Foods. 2025 Jun 23;14(13):2211. doi: 10.3390/foods14132211.
The linear polymer polyphosphate (polyP) is found across all three domains of life and fulfills diverse physiological functions, including phosphorus storage, chaperone activity, and stress tolerance. In bacteria, polyP synthesis is catalyzed by polyphosphate kinase (Ppk), whereas its degradation is carried out by exopolyphosphatases (Ppx). Intracellular polyP levels are determined by the balance between these opposing enzymatic activities, although the regulatory mechanisms governing this balance remain incompletely understood. In higher eukaryotes, polyP participates in diverse physiological processes from cell signaling to blood clotting. In relation to this, polyP from has been identified as a protective factor against intestinal damage in a mouse model of acute colitis. Subsequent evidence has confirmed that polyP can confer beneficial effects on human intestinal health, prompting an increased interest in the production of polyP by probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, polyP is extensively used in the food industry to enhance food quality, preservation, and nutritional value. This review summarizes the current knowledge on polyP metabolism in these bacteria and explores its functional properties and potential applications.
线性聚合物多聚磷酸盐（polyP）存在于生命的所有三个域中，并具有多种生理功能，包括磷储存、伴侣活性和应激耐受性。在细菌中，多聚磷酸盐的合成由多聚磷酸盐激酶（Ppk）催化，而其降解则由外多聚磷酸酶（Ppx）进行。细胞内多聚磷酸盐水平由这些相反酶活性之间的平衡决定，尽管控制这种平衡的调节机制仍未完全了解。在高等真核生物中，多聚磷酸盐参与从细胞信号传导到血液凝固的各种生理过程。与此相关，已确定来自[具体来源未提及]的多聚磷酸盐在急性结肠炎小鼠模型中是一种抗肠道损伤的保护因子。随后的证据证实，多聚磷酸盐可对人类肠道健康产生有益影响，这促使人们对益生菌乳酸菌产生多聚磷酸盐的兴趣增加。此外，多聚磷酸盐在食品工业中广泛用于提高食品质量、保存和营养价值。本综述总结了目前关于这些细菌中多聚磷酸盐代谢的知识，并探讨了其功能特性和潜在应用。
